论20世纪90年代以来的乡土小说创作——以城乡对峙为视角

On Typology of Countryside-backgrounded Novels since 1990s——From the perspective of mutual confrontation between rural and urban areas

20世纪90年代以来乡土小说呈现出纷纭复杂的多元冲突状态,而所有的冲突,其实都绕不开城乡关系。主要呈现为对乡土居高临下的同情甚至否定、以乡土对抗城市、谋求城乡的平等对话、游走于城乡之间四种类型。它们无一例外地关注着现代化背景下的乡村和农民的生存问题,隐含着城市/现代化对乡土/传统挤压的应对策略,表露着知识分子的焦虑。

An atmosphere of diverse conflicts has been observed from Countryside-backgrounded novels since 1990s＇. All conflicts are deeply rooted in the urban-rural relationships and they principally fall into four categories： sympathizing or even negating rural culture from a superior position; antagonizing urban life in favor of rural life; seeking equal dialogues between city and countryside, oscillating between city and countryside. All these novels unexceptionally show great concern about the countryside and physical survival of peasants in modern society. In addition, the novels offer some implicit countermeasures against the modem pressure on traditional rural life, revealing writers＇ anxiety as members of intellectual.