1982～2002年广西城乡居民膳食结构与营养相关慢性病变迁的研究

Study on 20 years’transitional trend of dietary pattern and nutrition-related chronic diseases in urban and rural residents in Guangxi

目的分析1982～2002年广西城乡居民膳食结构与营养相关慢性病的变迁,提出改善居民膳食结构和预防营养相关疾病的策略。方法根据1982、1992、2002年广西3次营养调查研究数据,采用数理统计技术,科学评价20年间广西城乡居民膳食消费变迁趋势及其与营养过剩相关慢性疾病变化的关系。结果 20年来广西居民摄入食物总量以每年0.8%的速度增加,除城乡居民谷薯类食物呈现出年均1%的下降趋势外,其他食物的消费量均呈现上升趋势。城市居民食物消费量年均增长最快的依次为乳类(14.5%)、水果(9.1%)、蛋类(7.8%)、水产品(6.6%)和肉类(5.7%),肉类摄入量1992年超过标准人推荐量的112.7%,2002年超过166.0%。农村居民食物消费量年均增长最快的前5名食物分别是乳类(20.3%)、蛋类(9.9%)、肉类(9.3%)、水产品(5.3%)和水果(5.3%),其中农村居民肉类食物从1982年重度负偏离快速上升,2002年达到重度正偏离,超过标准人推荐量的80.1%。20年间城乡居民盐摄入始终处于正偏离状态。2002年城乡居民来自脂肪的能量已占总能量的31.3%。20年来城乡居民营养不良呈逐年下降趋势,而营养过剩慢性病则呈逐年上升趋势。Spearman秩和相关分析显示,高血压、超重和肥胖的患病率与肉类、烹调油、蛋类的摄入量呈正相关,与谷薯类的摄入量呈负相关;营养不良、贫血与谷薯类的摄入量呈正相关,与肉类、蛋类、烹调油的摄入量呈负相关。结论广西城乡居民已进入了膳食营养结构急剧变迁和营养相关疾病流行的关键时期,有向高脂肪、高能量、高动物蛋白、低碳水化合物膳食模式转变的趋势。亟待进行居民膳食结构改善和干预,以有效遏制营养相关慢性疾病的流行。

Objective To analyse the transitional trend of dietary pattern and changes of nutrition-related chronic diseases in urban and rural residents of Guangxi in 1982-2002,and put forward the strategy for improving the dietary pattern and reducing nutrition-related diseases.Methods According to the data from Guangxi nutrition survey for three times（1982,1992 and 2002）,the 20 years’ transitional trend of dietary consumption and the changes of nutrition-related chronic diseases in urban and rural residents in Guangxi was evaluated reasonably by using the mathematical statistical techniques.Results The total amount of food intake during 20 years in residents of Guangxi increased by 0.8% year by year.Except the cereals and tubers decreased by 1% per year,other food consumption occurred the increased trends.In the urban residents,the foods which had the fastest average annual increase rates were milk and dairy product（14.5%）,fruits（9.1%）,eggs（7.8%）,aquatic produts（6.6%）,meat and poultry（5.7%）;the amount of meat and poultry intake exceed recommended amount of standard man to 112.7% in 1992,and 166.0% in 2002,respectively.In the rural residents,the first five foods which had the fastest average annual increase rates were milk and dairy products（20.3%）,eggs（9.9%）,meat and poultry（9.3%）,aquatic products（5.3%） and fruits（5.3%）.The meat and poultry intake rapidly increased from severe negative deviation in 1982 to severe positive deviation,and exceeded recommended amount of standard man to 80.1% in 2002.The salt intake in urban and rural residents during 20 years was always in positive deviation.The proportion of energy from fat reached 31.3% in 2002.Malnutrition decreased and overnutrtion-related chronicn on-communicable diseases increased year by year.Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that the prevalence of hypertension,overweight and obesity was negatively correlated with the intake of cereals and tubers,and positively correlated with the intake of meat and poultry,cooking oil,eggs.Malnutrition and anemia were positively correlated with the intake of cereals and tubers,and negatively correlated with the intake of meat and poultry,eggs,cooking oil.Conclusion The dietary pattern of residents in Guangxi has already entered into the quick transitional stage,with a trend from low fat diet to high fat diet.It is urgent need for residents to improve and intervent the dietary pattern,so as to effectively control the prevalence of nutrition-related chronic diseases.