湖滨带生态退化现状、原因分析及对策

Analysis on the presentation and countermeasures of China lake aquatic-terrestrial ecotone ecological degradation

湖滨带是湖泊的一道天然保护屏障,是健全的湖泊生态系统不可缺少的有机组成部分。总结了中国湖滨带存在的主要问题,包括高等水生植物衰减、水质富营养化、浮游藻类浓度增高、底栖动物耐污种类优势度增加、鱼类种群数量减少、陆地生物栖息地破坏等,并分析了退化原因,主要是人为因素的干扰,包括湖滨大规模的围湖造田、围网养殖的迅猛发展、水利工程的不合理修建、点面源的严重污染等,针对上述存在的现状和原因,提出了湖滨带生态修复的对策及建议。

Lake aquatic-terrestrial ecotone is a natural protective barrier and the essential part of healthy lake ecosystems.This paper summarizes the main problems of China lake aquatic-terrestrial ecotone,including the attenuation of higher aquatic plants,the exaltation of the concentration of phytoplankton,the addition of tolerance type in zooplankton and benthic animals,the reduction of fish population and the falling in terrestrial biological diversity etc.Ecological degradation is mainly caused by man-made interference,including large-scale reclaiming land from lake,the rapid development of barrier net aquiculture,the unreasonable water conservancy construction and the serious point source and area source pollution etc.For the above status and reasons of the lakeside zone ecological degradation,this paper proposes the countermeasures and suggestions of lake aquatic-terrestrial ecotone ecological restoration.