近四十年来韩国《史记》研究综述(1971—2010)

A Review of Research on Shi Ji in Korea Over the Past Forty Years(1971—2010)

《史记》是中国史学中一部继往开来的不朽巨著,作者司马迁开创的以人物为中心的纪传体,在汉代以后一直是历代王朝正史所沿用的体制。司马迁修《史记》,不仅尊重历史事实,秉笔直书,而且还注意语言文字的锤炼,文句优美。他将叙事、抒情、说理的不同文体有机地综合起来,达到思想上、艺术上的高度统一,为后代文史创作提供了范例。《史记》不仅是中国纪传体史书的开创者,而且对后世的散文、小说、戏曲都产生了深远的影响。同时它也早已流传至国外,在汉文化圈国家中亦有不小的影响。其中,《史记》传入韩国,特别受到韩国知识界人士的关心和推崇,为韩国学术界所重视。到了1960年代中期,随着国家经济的发展,韩国整个社会的发展进入了一个历史的新时期,不仅国家面貌发生了根本性变化,学术文化事业也步入正轨,同时韩国学术界对中国学术文化的关心及研究也重新得到了高度重视。正是在这样的基础上,韩国学者对《史记》的翻译和研究有了较大的进展,在传播、普及和通俗化方面作出了积极的贡献。本文除简述《史记》在韩国的流传背景外,还分别论述自1971年至2010年近四十年来《史记》在当代韩国的翻译介绍与研究现状,并对其研究成果上存在的一些不足和空缺作一番客观的评价。

Shi Ji is a masterpiece in the history of Chinese Historiography,history presented in a series of biographies created by its author Sima Qian has been passed down and used since Han dynasty.When revising Shi Ji,Sima Qian not only agreed with historical events and wrote the truth without fear or favor,but also polished his language.He combined various writing styles such as narration,expressiveness and argumentation together,reached high unity of thought and art,having provided models for the later historians.Shi Ji created the biography style and exerted great influence on the later prose,novels and dramas.Shi Ji spread to foreign countries and had profound effect.For example,in Korea,it has drawn the attention and respect from intellectuals and academic circles.In mid-1960＇s,with the development of national economy,Korea marched into a new historic period,radical changes took place,intellectual and cultural affairs embarked on the right track,attention and research on Chinese academy and culture in Korean academic circles was highly valued.Under this situation,translation and research conducted by Korean scholars have made greater progress,which contributed a lot towards its transmission,publicity and popularity.This paper gives a brief account of its spreading background,discusses its translation and research situation in Korea,and makes objective comments on the existing shortcomings.