农民工子女中学习困难学生的精神行为问题及父母养育方式

Behavior problems and parental rearing patterns in children with learning difficulty of the off-farm workers

目的:探讨城市中农民工子女中学习困难学生的精神障碍、行为问题以及父母养育方式。方法:从上海市宝山区6所农民工子女学校三到九年级学生中筛选出学习困难学生234名,并以班级相匹配的方式抽取非学习困难农民工子女250名为对照组。采用自制一般情况调查表、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)家长版、父母教养方式评价量表(EMBU)、简明儿童少年国际神经精神访谈儿童版(MINIKid)和中国联合型瑞文测验2版(CRT-2)进行调查。结果:农民工子女中学习困难学生检出率为6.4%;学习困难组行为问题的检出率高于对照组(15.4%vs.8.8%,P<0.05)。排除智力障碍44例,学习困难学生明确诊断为精神疾病的有57例(24.4%)。学习困难学生的EMBU父母惩罚严厉、过分干涉与保护、拒绝否认因子得分及母亲偏爱因子得分均高于对照组(均P<0.05)。结论:本研究结果显示农民工学习困难子女中精神障碍的发生率较高,同时存在不良的父母养育方式。

Objective： To explore the behavior problems, mental disorder and parental rearing styles in children with learning difficulty of the off-farm workers. Methods： In this cross-sectional study, 234 children with learning difficulty of off-farm workers and class matched 250 children without learning difficulty were selected from grade 3 to grade 9 in 6 schools in Shanghai Baoshan district. They were assessed with the parents version of Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist （CBCL）, General Family Questionnaire, Parental Rearing Patterns Questionnaire （EMBU）, Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview for children and adolescents （ MINI Kid） and Combined Raven Test （CRT-2）. Results： The rate of learning difficulty in children of the off-farm workers was 6. 4% in this sample. The percentage of the children with behavior problems was higher in group with learning difficulty than in those without learning difficulty （ 15.4% vs. 8.8%, P 〈 0. 05）. Excluding mental retardation （ n = 44）, 57 children （24.4%） with learning difficulty were diagnosed with mental disorders. The scores of father＇s and mother＇s pun- ishment, over interference, over protection and refusal factors were higher in children with learning difficulty than in children without learning difficulty （P 〈 0. 01）. The score of mother＇s preference love factor was higher in children with learning difficulty than in children without learning difficulty （P 〈 O. 05）. Conclusion： The results indicate the rate of mental disorders in children of off-farm workers with learning difficulty is high, and their parents have some unhealthy rearing patterns.