从漕运的社会职能看道光朝漕粮海运的行之维艰

On the Difficulties of the Tribute Grain′s Sea Transport in Daoguang Period from the Respective of Water Transport′s Social Function

嘉道年间,漕粮河运陷入形势竭蹶的境地,从技术角度而言,漕粮海运在明清时期已经完全成熟,但道光朝的漕粮海运却行之维艰,学术界多将其原因归结为道光帝缺乏改革魄力以及河运既得利益集团的竭力阻挠、水手难以安置问题等,本文从漕粮海运所承载的政治社会功能的角度,来透视漕运改革所牵涉社会阶层的复杂性,从而探讨道光朝漕粮海运维艰的深层社会原因。

In Jiadao Period of Qing Dynasty,it is very difficult to transport the tributary grain from the Great Canal.At that time China′s sea-going ability was unparallel in the world,but the central governments abandoned sea route and persisted in transporting the tributary grain with the Grand Canal.The academic circles summed up the reasons such as Daoguang Emperor lacked the reform boldness and some interest groups obstructed the reform.This article researches the social function of grain transporting in political and social realm and reveals the complication of the reform of grain transportation.