广东岩溶丘陵的分布及土地利用模式探讨

Discussion on distribution and land utilization pattern of karst hill in Guangdong Province

广东省岩溶丘陵总面积1 827km2,岩溶丘陵对于广东山区农林业发展和全省生态环境保护意义重大。本文基于实地调查和已有数据对广东省溶蚀低丘陵、溶蚀-侵蚀低丘陵、溶蚀高丘陵和溶蚀-侵蚀高丘陵四种不同类型岩溶丘陵的分布区域、面积、特点和土地利用现状及问题进行了分析。结果表明,岩溶丘陵在广东分布广而散,以粤北居多,面积达到1 389.44km2,占总岩溶丘陵面积的76%,而粤西、粤东为351.92km2和86.36km2,分别占总岩溶丘陵面积的19%和5%。岩溶丘陵具备相对好的农业开发潜力,但目前大多处于无序和不合理的利用状态,盲目毁林致使生态退化加剧的潜在危险不断增加。针对土地利用现状问题及岩溶丘陵的生态特征,提出了岩溶盆地区以生态林+经济林+经济作物、岩溶高原区以生态林+薪炭林+经济植物、溶蚀-侵蚀丘陵区以速生用材林栽植、英德和连山风景区以生态旅游、粤东及粤北已有矿区以生态林+矿产开发的五种开发模式。

The area of karst hill in Guangdong Province is 1 827km2 ,the karst hill is vital to agriculture and environmental protection. In this paper, based on the field investigation and data analysis, we discussed the distribution region, area, features,land utilization status and problems of four kinds of the karst hill, invlud- ing low corrosion hill, low corrosion-erosion hill, high corrosion hill and high corrosion-erosion hill in Guangdong Province. The results show that the distribution of karst hill in Guangdong Province is broad and scatter,they main locate in the north and west of Guangdong Province,account for 76% and 19% ,respective- ly. There are many problems in utilization of karst hill such as disforestation and planting fruit tree as well as planting eucalyptus. For prevent karst environment from irrational exploitation, we suggest 5 kinds of land utilization patterns for different area as follows. Ecologic forest＋ economic forests＋ economic crop in karst basin area, ecologic forest＋ firewood forests ＋ economic plant in karst plateau area, corrosion-erosion hilly area-fast growing timber stands, ecotourism, mine area-ecological forest ＋ mineral resources exploitation in karst beauty spot.