松花坝水源林林分土壤理化特性研究

Study on the Physical and Chemical Properties in Soil and Water of the Kunming Songhua Dam's Forest

通过分析云南松、华山松和油杉3种针叶水源涵养林对林下土壤的水源涵养性能及土壤的理化性能的影响,得出松花坝水源涵养人工林是最优的林分。结果表明:油杉的土壤容重显著小于云南松和华山松,而总孔隙度和饱和持水量又显著大于其余二者;三种针叶林的pH值、有机质大小顺序均为油杉>华山松>云南松,总体上看,N、P、K的速效含量也是上述的大小关系;N、P、K总量与N、P、K速效含量在3种林分类型中变化不一致,即养分总量与速效含量不具有相关性;pH值与各种营养物质含量呈较好的正相关。3种林分的水源涵养功能依次为油杉>华山松>云南松,混交林优于纯林,其中功能最佳的林分结构是油杉和华山松的混交林,混交比例接近1∶1。

The difference in water conservation function and physical and chemical characteristics among three kinds of coniferous forests of P.yunnanensis,P.armandii and Keteleeria Carr in Songhua Dam,was analysted in order to obtain the optimal stand.The showed that soil bulk density of Keteleeria Carr was significantly smaller than P.yunnanensis and P.armandii,while the results total porosity and soil moisture were significantly higher than them.The order of the pH and organic matter in the soil of three coniferous forests was： Keteleeria Carr P.armandii P.yunnanensis.Generally,the content of available N,P,K had the similar order.The content of total N,P,K was inconsistent with the available N,P,K suggested that there was no correlation between the content of total nutrients and available ones.The pH was positively correlated with the content of nutrient.The soil properties and water conservation function of the three forest types were in order of Keteleeria Carr,P.armandii and P.yunnanensis.The fertility status of mixed forest was better than pure forest,and the mixed forests of Keteleeria Carr with P.armandii was the best for forest stand structure,whose mixed ratio is nearly 1 to 1.