“苗窠”伦理的现代价值——沈从文苗族文学的伦理研究

The Modern Value of the Ethics of Miao Village:An Ethic Study of Shen Congwen’s Literature of Miao People

沈从文笔下的“苗窠”不只是作为现代都市物质文明的对照物而存在，它包含着沈从文对于现代文化伦理形态的反思，也包含着他主动的现代伦理设想。他对于人性普遍本质的反思，特别是对于人性的生理法则和世俗内容的认可，以及他对于个人经验和先验理性之间关系的独特理解和处理，都在很大程度上弥补了近现代以来伦理思想的薄弱之处。这也使得原始的“苗窠”伦理，呈现出一种现代伦理的视野和深度。他所展现和描述的那些原始的、乡土的伦理关系和伦理状态，甚至比刻意模仿西方的“五四”伦理启蒙更能体现真正的现代命题和现代思路。

Shen Congwen＇s Miao village as an antithesis to modern material civilization, embodies Shen Congwen＇s meditation on modern cultural ethics and his voluntary assump- tion about modern ethics. His thinking about universal human nature, particularly his ac- knowledgement of the law of the physical nature and social content of human beings, and his unique understanding and treatment of personal experience and preexistent rationality, make up for the weakness of ethics since modern times. Therefore, the primitive ethics of Miao village presents a modern ethic vision and depth. His discription of primitive and local ethic relations and status express genuine modern theme and perspective more effectively than the ethic works of ＂May Fourth＂ after western models.