塑料瓶装饮料中邻苯二甲酸酯的含量分析

Analysis of Phthalic Acid Esters in Plastic Bottled Beverages

[目的]了解塑料瓶装饮料中邻苯二甲酸酯类(phthalates)化合物的污染水平及其影响因素。[方法]随机购买市售49种不同品牌的饮料作为研究对象,采用气相色谱法检测饮料中的邻苯二甲酸酯含量。[结果]饮料中的邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-butyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯[di-(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP]的检出率分别为98.0%和100.0%,平均含量分别为0.038 mg/L和0.071 mg/L,邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(di-ethyl phthalate,DEP)未检出;其中,茶饮料中DBP和DEHP的检出浓度范围分别为0￣0.047 mg/L和0.045￣0.146 mg/L;果汁饮料中DBP的最高检出浓度达0.127 mg/L,DEHP的检出浓度范围为0.060￣0.371 mg/L;咖啡乳饮料中检出DBP和DEHP的最大值分别为0.081 mg/L和0.089 mg/L,最小值分别为0.032 mg/L和0.033 mg/L。果汁饮料和咖啡乳类饮料中DBP的含量均高于茶饮料(P=0.003和P=0.002),果汁饮料中DEHP的含量高于茶饮料和咖啡乳类饮料(P=0.001和P=0.002);拟合的线性回归模型结果显示,与茶饮料相比,果汁饮料和咖啡乳饮料中DBP浓度的对数值分别高出0.36个单位和0.50个单位;果汁饮料中DEHP浓度的对数值高于茶饮料0.47个单位,酸性组饮料中DEHP浓度的对数值比弱酸性组饮料高0.30个单位。[结论]塑料瓶装饮料中DBP、DEHP检出率均很高,不同种类饮料中其含量差异有统计学意义,饮料中邻苯二甲酸酯均在国家规定限值内;但在饮料种类和存储时间固定的条件下,饮料中DEHP含量水平随着pH值变小而增大。

[ Objective ] To determine the concentrations of di-ethyl phthalate （DEP）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEI-IP） in beverages bottled in plastic containers and to analyze the effect of some factors on the concentration of phthalates. [ Methods ] Forty-nine different brands of beverage were selected from the market and gas chromatography was applied to determine the level of phthalates in the beverage. The differences between three sorts of beverages （tea, juice, and dairy drinks） were tested by ANOVA and the effects of storage time and pH value on the concentration of phthalates in beverage were analyzed using Linear Regression Model. [ Results ] DEP wasn＇t found while the detection rates of DBP and DEHP in samples were 98.0% and 100% respectively with the average concentrations of 0.038 mg/L and 0.071 mg/L respectively. The detection range of DBP and DEHP in tea drinks were 0-0.047 mg/L and 0.045-0.146 mg/L respectively. The highest detection level of DBP in juice drinks was 0.127 rag/L, and DEHP was found in the range from 0.060 mg/L to 0.371 mg/L. The maximum concentrations of DBP and DEHP in dairy drinks were 0.081 mg/L and 0.089 mg/L respectively, and the minimum concentrations were 0.032 mg/L and 0.033 mg/L respectively. The levels of DBP in juice and dairy drinks were significantly higher than those in tea drinks （P=0.003 and P=0.002）. The levels of DEHP in juice drinks were higher than those in tea and dairy drinks （P=0.001 and P=0.002）. The fixed multivariate linear model showed that, the logarithms of DBP concentrations of juice and dairy drinks were 0.36 and 0.50 units higher than that of tea drinks, the logarithm of I）EI-IP concentration of juice drinks was 0.47 units higher than that of tea drinks, and the logarithm of DEHP concentration of acid drinks was 0.30 units higher than that of weak acid drinks.[ Conclusion ] It can be concluded that the detection rates of DBP and DEI-IP in plastic bottled beverages were fairly high and their levels varied from the different kinds of drinks. However, the concentrations of phthalates meet the national prescribed standards. The major sources of phthalates in drinks are residues in raw material and migration from plastic bottles. Besides, the level of DEHP would increase with the pH value of drinks decreased.