武汉市某大型水厂管网末梢水中雌激素活性及邻苯二甲酸酯的分布规律

Occurrence of Estrogenic Activity and Phthalates in Tap Water Served by a Large Waterworks in Wuhan

[目的]了解武汉市某大型水厂供水区域内管网末梢水中雌激素活性和两种主要邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs),即邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(di-n-butyl phthalate,DBP)和邻苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯[di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,DEHP]的分布规律。[方法]2009年4月至2010年3月间,每月采集武汉市某大型水厂供水区域内管网末梢水为样本,水样经固相萃取后分别用重组基因酵母实验和气相色谱法检测雌激素活性和两种主要PAEs的含量。[结果]全年管网末梢水中雌激素活性[以雌二醇当量(estradiol equivalents,pg EEQs/L)计]的检出范围为35.17￣1 510.95 pg EEQs/L;样本资料显示,雌激素活性在秋季最高,春夏两季次之,冬季最低,各季节之间雌激素活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。DBP和DEHP的检出范围分别为未检出￣0.74μg/L和未检出￣1.01μg/L;DBP含量夏、秋两季明显高于春、冬两季(P<0.05),DEHP含量春、秋、冬三季高于夏季(P<0.05)。随着管网末梢与水厂间距离的增加,雌激素活性和DEHP含量具有增高趋势,DBP含量具有降低趋势。管网末梢水中雌激素活性和PAEs含量之间无相关性(P>0.05)。[结论]该水厂供水区域内管网末梢水中能检测出不同程度的雌激素活性和两种PAEs(DBP和DEHP),水中雌激素活性和两种PAEs浓度具有明显的季节性差异,并随管网末梢与水厂间距离的增加而呈现不同变化趋势。

[ Objective ] To investigate the occurrence of estrogenic activity and two kinds of phthalic acid esters （PAEs）, di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） and di（2-ethylhexyl） phthalate （DEHP） in tap water served by a large waterworks in Wuhan. [ Methods ] Tap water was monthly collected during the period between April 2010 and March 2011. The estrogenic activity, DBP and DEHP in water samples were determined by two-hybrid system and gas chromatography combining solid-phase extraction technique. [ Results ] The estrogenic activities in tap water ranged from 35.17 to 1510.95 pg/L estradiol equivalents （EEQs） and were highest in summer but lowest in winter. No significant difference in estrogenic activities among four seasons was found （P〉 0.05 for all）. The levels of DBP and DEHP ranged from ND （not detected） to 0.74 ~tg/L and ND to 1.01 ~g/L in tap water, respectively. DBP levels in summer and autumn were higher than that in winter and spring （P 〈 0.05 for all）, while DEHP levels in summer were lower than that in spring, autumn and winter （P〈0.05 for all）. Along with the water pipeline extending, the estrogenic activity and I）EHP levels were increased but DBP levels were decreased. There was no correlation between the estrogenic activity and the levels of DBP and DEHP （P 〉 0.05 for all）. [ Conclusion ] Estrogenic activity and two kinds of PAEs in tap water served by this large waterworks could be detected, and the occurrence of estrogenic activity and two kinds of PAEs in tap water varied greatly according to seasons and water pipeline distance.