爬行动物呼吸系统疾病临床诊断和防治研究进展

Clinical Diagnosis,Treatment and Preventive Measure of Respiratory Disease in Reptiles

呼吸系统疾病是圈养和野生爬行动物群体中非常常见的疾病,有高患病率和死亡率。多种传染性和非传染性因素与爬行动物的呼吸系统疾病有关系。常用的诊断技术包括放射摄影、血清学检验、下呼吸道灌洗物培养和鉴定、内窥镜检查等。关于爬行动物的药代动力学理论很少,大多数抗菌药物的有效治疗水平尚未确定。推荐用广谱抗生素和多种药物组合来治疗呼吸系统疾病,推荐的药品有阿米卡星、头孢他定、哌拉西林,应当根据培养观察结果和药物敏感性试验结果适当调整。喷雾疗法是一种抗生素治疗的有效辅助疗法。目前,爬行动物呼吸系统疾病相关研究有非常大的发展空间,要根据爬行动物的进化和生理特点研究适用的技术和手段,以指导疾病的预防、诊断和治疗。

Respiratory disease is one of the most commonly encountered disease processes in collections of captive and wild reptiles,with high morbidity and mortality.A variety of infectious and noninfectious agents have been associated with respiratory tract disease in reptiles.Commonly used diagnostic techniques include radiography,serology,lower respiratory tract lavage material culture,or endoscope.X-ray and CT,MRI is an important non-invasive diagnostic tool in reptiles medicine.SN,HI and ELISA are the most widely used semiquantitative serologic assays.Lower respiratory tract lavage samples for diagnosis of bacterial and parasitic respiratory disease.Endoscopy is a good means of direct observation of respiratory structures,at the same time to organize sampling and delivery.Only limited pharmacokinetic data are available for reptiles,and effective therapeutic levels for most antimicrobials have not been established.a broad-spectrum antimicrobial or a combination of agents effective against the most common pathogens in reptiles is initiated pending results.For example,amikacin,ceftazidime and piperacillin.If indicated based on the culture and sensitivity,appropriate changes are made.Nebulization has been advocated as an adjunct to systemic antimicrobial therapy and can be useful.According to the present situation of researching about reptiles＇respiratory disease,there is a very big development space,the new techniques and measures must base on the characteristics of reptile＇s evolution and physiology,to guide prevention,diagnosis and treatment.