颅内多发病变的临床病理学分析

Multiple intracranial lesions： a clinicalpathologic study of 62 cases

目的 探讨颅内多发病变的临床病理学特征。方法 对2005年1月至2009年12月期间在首都医科大学宣武医院接受治疗病例中，影像学上为颅内多发病变的62例患者的临床、影像以及病理学资料进行回顾性分析。结果 62例中男32例，女30例，平均发病年龄37.4岁，平均病程11.6个月。病灶可累及大脑半球各叶、基底节区、脑干和小脑等部位，以幕上受累较为多见。病理检查结果为：胶质瘤13例，转移瘤13例，中枢神经系统感染12例，免疫介导的炎性脱髓鞘病8例，中枢神经系统原发淋巴瘤5例，血管炎3例，线粒体脑病2例，静脉窦血栓形成2例，Rosai-Dorfman病2例，放射性脑病2例。其中，线粒体脑病、静脉窦血栓形成以皮层受累为主，转移瘤和血源性感染主要累及灰白质交界区，胶质瘤、脱髓鞘疾病和放射性脑病以白质病变为主，血管炎表现为皮层和皮层下白质的病变。结论 多种肿瘤和非肿瘤性疾病在影像学上可以表现为颅内多发病变，其中以胶质瘤、转移瘤和中枢神经系统感染较为多见。积极开展颅内多发病变脑组织活检，临床、影像与病理学密切结合，是提高颅内多发病变诊断水平行之有效的方法。

Objective To study the clinicalpathologic features of intracranial multiple lesions.Methods The clinical, radiologic and pathologic features of intracranial multiple lesions in 62 cases during the period from 2005 to 2009 in Xuanwu Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. Results There were 32males and 30 females in 62 cases. The mean age of seize onset and duration of disease were 37.4-year-old and 11.6 months, respectively. The lesions could affect cerebral hemisphere, basal ganglia, brain stem,cerebellum and other parts, most lesions were located above the tentorium. Pathological diagnosis as follows：13 patients with glioma; metastatic tumors in 13 cases; 12 cases of central nervous system infection;immune-mediated inflammatory demyelinating disease in 8 cases; 5 cases of primary lymphoma of central nervous system; primary angiitis of the central nervous system 3 cases; mitochondrial encephalopathy 2 cases; vein thrombosis in 2 cases; Rosai-Dorfman disease in 2 cases; 2 case of radiation encephalopathy. Among them, mitochondrial encephalopathy and vein thrombosis lesions located in the cortex; metastatic tumor and blood-bome infection mainly involving junction of grey and white matter; glioma, radiation encephalopathy and demyelinating disease include white matter lesions; vascular inflammation showed cortical and subcortical white matter lesions. Conclusions A variety of tumor and non-neoplastic diseases can be expressed in intracranial multiple lesions, which gliomas, metastatic tumor and central nervous system infections are more common. In order to improve the diagnosis of intracranial multiple lesions, active work in the brian biopsy, study the clinical, imaging and pathological findings must be closely.