杨度首倡清季国会请愿运动

Yang Du:Initiator of the Petition Campaign for Qing Congress

作为清季立宪运动中的风云人物,杨度逐渐形成了以舆论监督政府、以开国会广造舆论,以国会推动立宪的思想,成为清季倡言以开国会实现宪政的第一人。自从杨度首倡国会请愿之后,以"速开国会"为号召的国会请愿运动就成为清季最具影响力的政治活动,而且几乎所有关于请开国会的陈情和呼吁,都在延续着杨度所阐发的国会论述思路。杨度最早发起的国会请愿运动虽然未能达到速开国会的目标,但积极意义极大。请愿成为极有效的政治动员,扩大了宪政的政治基础。清政府虽然被迫缩短了预备立宪的年限,依靠政治强力压制了激进的请愿代表,但其合法性在这数次请愿运动中逐渐消耗殆尽。

As a significant role in the constitutional movement in late Qing Dynasty,Yang Du gradually formed the contitutional ideology of ＂government under the supervision of public opinion,public opinion propagated by the congress,and congress promoted by the constitution＂,and was regarded as the first Chinese to advocate a constitutional government.Since his plead for a constitutional government,petition for ＂speeding up the construction of congress＂became the most influential political movement and the later campaigns were mostly based on Yang＇s constitutional ideology.Although the campaign initiated by Yang failed its purpose to speed up the construction of congress in the firs place,it did have great significance.Since then,petition became an effective political movement and largely enhanced the political foundation of constitutional government.The Qing Government was compelled to shorten the period for constitutional preparation.Though it supressed the representatives of the petitioners,its legitimacy was gradually worn out ever since.