情势变更的经济学基础

The Economic Basis for Principle of Changed Circumstances

情势变更背后隐藏着令人信服的经济学逻辑。一方面,在情势变更情况下,当事人对履行的估价及履行成本都发生了变化,原合同已经不再是资源配置的有效手段,因此应予以变更或解除。另一方面,按照经济效率的要求,风险应该分配给优势风险承担人。由于合同双方可能都不符合其要求,所以情势变更规则通过调整或解除合同将风险在当事人之间进行公平的分配。

Compelling economic logic lies beneath the principle of changed circumstances.On the one hand,the valuation and costs of performance to contracting parties have changed in the case of changed circumstances so that the original contract is no longer an effective means of resource allocation and must be changed or canceled.On the other hand,in accordance with the requirements of economic efficiency,risk should be allocated to the superior risk-taking people.As neither of the contracting parties may meet the requirement,the principle of changed circumstances distributes risk fairly between the parties by adjusting or discharging the contract.