谈迁及其《国榷》新探

A New Exploration on Tan Qian and GuoQue

谈迁较早地放弃了科考,转而全心治史。谈迁立志写作《国榷》,是在天启元年。修史的直接动因,是不满意晚明的当代史纂修事业。第一稿前后用了6年时间,原稿称《国榷》,全书下迄天启,共百卷。以后,续有补写。顺治四年稿子失窃,顺治十年重新成稿。北京几年的反复修改与补充,使《国榷》第二稿更趋完善。在《明实录》尚存的时候,应理性地看待《国榷》,须从第二位角度来思考《国榷》的价值与地位。《国榷》优于《明实录》之处,有以下几点:写出了《明实录》没有写的真相,补充、纠正了《明实录》存在的失误,可补明末三朝记录不足之缺,且有《明实录》的史料信息检索功能。

Tan Qian abandoned imperial examination early the test, turning to research the history whole heatedly. The direct reason of compiling of GuoQue was his dissatisfaction with contemporary history compiling then. Tan Qian completed the first draft in only 6 year; the manuscript is called GuoQue, the whole book was completed till 1626, totaling 100 volumes, which had been continuously revised. The draft was stolen in August ,1647, and it was completed again in 1653. It was modi- fied repeatedly for several years when he was in Beijing making second draft GuoQue and it was gradually perfect. At the time of existence of Ming Shi Luo, should reasonableness the value and history position of GuoQue. We must put the value and posi- tion of GuoQue at the second angle. The place of GuoQue is better than Ming Shi Luo ： writing true facts, rectifying errors, es- pecially the value of historical data in late three dynasty, and have the inspeetional function of Ming Shi Luo.