2007年河北省部分地区城乡居民总膳食研究

Total Diet Study in Urban and Rural Residents in Some Areas of Hebei Province in 2007

目的了解河北省唐山市、廊坊市文安县、承德市双塔区城乡居民膳食质量和居民膳食营养状况,为相关部门制定政策提供科学依据。方法应用总膳食研究的方法对河北省部分城乡居民的膳食组成及15种营养素(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、胆固醇、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、硒、钠)进行回顾性评价分析。结果食物消费总量及蔬菜、豆类消费城乡大致相当,谷类、饮水、调味品摄入量农村高于城市,其他各种食物消费量均是城市高于农村,城乡代表性膳食组成仍以粮谷类和蔬菜等植物性为主;城乡动物性食品单调,以猪肉为代表的肉类消费分别占城乡居民动物性食物消费总量的82.5%和47.1%;城乡居民的平均豆类、乳类、饮水摄入量显著低于中国居民膳食指南推荐摄入量(RNI),酒类、油脂、盐摄入量明显超过RNI,农村居民豆类、肉类、水产类摄入量严重不足;城乡居民平均热能的摄入量分别达RNI的94.8%、88.7%和90.7%,蛋白质分别达到RNI的109.3%、72%和84.5%;维生素C、铁、钠摄入量充足,但也存在城乡居民平均维生素A、核黄素、硫胺素、钙、锌、硒摄入不足及城市居民脂肪摄入过量,农村居民蛋白质摄入不足和质量较差的问题。结论河北省部分地区调查点城乡居民膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不平衡,有计划地开展人群膳食营养指导十分必要。

[Objective]To learn the dietary quality and nutritional status of residents in Tangshan city,Wenan county of Langfang city,Shuangta district of Chengde city in Hebei province,provide the scientific basis for government＇s policy making. [Methods]Using method of total diet study,the dietary composition and levels of carbohydrate,protein,fat,dietary fiber,dietary fiber,vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,nicotinic acid,vitamin C,calcium,iron,zinc,selenium and sodium in urban and rural residents in some areas of Hebei province were evaluated and analyzed retrospectively. [Results]Total food consumption and the consumption of vegetables,beans in urban and rural areas were almost equal,the consumptions of cereals,water and condiments in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas,and consumptions of other foods in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas.The representative dietary composition of urban and rural areas was dominated by plant foods which included cereals and vegetables.The animal foods were single,the consumption of pork accounted for 47.1% and 82.5% of total consumption of animal foods in urban and rural areas respectively.The average intakes of beans,milk and water were significantly lower than recommended nutrient intake（RNI） of Dietary guidelines for Chinese residents.The intakes of wine,fat and salt were significantly higher than RNI.There was a serious shortage of intakes of beans,meat and aquatic food among rural residents.The average energy intake of urban and rural residents reached 94.8%,88.7% and 90.7% of RNI respectively.The protein intake reached 109.3%,72% and 84.5% of RNI respectively.The intakes of vitamin C,iron and sodium were adequate.The intakes of vitamin A,vitamin B1,vitamin B2,calcium,zinc and selenium among urban and rural residents were insufficient.The fat intake of urban residents was excessive.The intake and quality of protein among rural residents was unsatisfactory. [Conclusion]The dietary pattern among urban and rural residents in some areas of Hebei province is unreasonable,and the nutrients intake is unbalance.It is necessary to designedly carry out the dietary guidance in population.