青春期儿童饮食行为及饮食心理调查

Investigation on Eating Behavior and Psychological Dietary Pattern of Adolescent Children

目的研究影响城乡青春期儿童生长发育的心理及行为因素。方法采用分层、整群随机抽样方法,分别抽取南充市城乡共5所小学五、六年级1 820名学生进行问卷调查。结果城乡学生BMI差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),其中影响城市儿童生长发育的主要因素包括不吃早餐(4.7%)、为减肥不吃主食(1.4%)、边吃饭边看电视(37.2%)及认为自己该减肥(32.2%)、体型不标准(偏胖:29.9%、偏瘦:21.6%)等;而影响农村儿童生长发育的主要因素包括会为减肥不吃主食(3.2%)、零食代替主食的习惯(3.5%)、认为自己该减肥(18.8%)、体型不标准(偏胖:15.9%、偏瘦:24.8%)。结论行为及心理因素均会影响儿童的生长发育,家长及老师应对学生进行正确的引导,为青少年儿童的健康成长提供良好的环境。

Objective To study the factors influencing growth and development,eating behavior and psychological dietary pattern of urban and rural adolescent children. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,820 pupils selected by stratified cluster random sampling from Grade 5 and Grade 6 of five primary schools in urban and rural areas of Nanchong. Results There were statistically significant differences in BMI between urban and rural pupils（P〈0.01）.The main factors influencing growth and development of urban pupils were breakfast skipping（4.7%）,staple food skipping for losing weight（1.4%）,the habit of eating while watching TV（37.2%）,under consideration of losing weight（32.2%）,and having a non-standard body type（fat： 29.9%,thin： 21.6%）,etc.But the main factors influencing growth and development of rural pupils were staple food skipping for losing weight（3.2%）,snacks instead of staple food（3.5%）,under consideration of losing weight（18.8%）,and having a nonstandard body type（fat： 15.9%,thin： 24.8%）. Conclusions Both the behavior and psychological factors will affect the growth and development of children,so parents and teachers should correctly guide the students and provide a good environment for adolescent children to grow healthily.