爆炸装置结构对固体粉末抛撒半径的影响

Influence of the device structure on the radius of radiating clouds caused by the solid-powder explosive dispersion

在以雷管为中心抛撒能源、圆柱纸质壳体装药的试验条件下,借助高速摄影仪,记录爆炸抛撒及云雾成长过程,分析爆炸抛撒云雾径向运动随时间变化特性。设计13组试验,改变5个变量,研究壳体长径比、轴向两端材料强度、中心装药、抛撒物装填密度、抛撒材料对云雾状态的影响。结果表明,抛撒径向半径随着固体抛撒物质比重和颗粒的减小而增大;中心装药会影响抛撒的加速阶段,装药能量越大抛撒速度越快,抛撒半径越大,但比药量达到一定值后,对物质抛撒半径的影响不大;壳体轴向两端材料强度的增强会导致轴向的抛撒增强;长径比越大,径向的抛撒速度越慢,最后形成的扩散半径也越小;在初始时刻(约20ms)抛撒物装填密度越小抛撒半径扩散越快,而在远场阶段则相反。总体来说,壳体两端材料强度、长径比、中心装药、抛散物装填密度的改变对于云雾轴向运动影响较大,在合适的条件下能够使云雾成团在轴向上快速运动;抛撒物性质对于云雾的径向抛撒速度影响较大,抛撒物粒径或装填密度的减小都会使云雾初始抛撒速度增大。

The paper is engaged in a study of the influence of the de- vice structure on the radius of radiating clouds caused by the solid- powder explosive dispersion through the detonator as the energy medi- a. For this research purpose, we have carefully studied the cylindri- cal shell charge of the experimental condition and recorded the pro- cess of the growing explosive dispersal and the radiating cloud forma- tion by means of high-speed photography. And, then, further analy- sis has been done as to the explosive dispersion cloud features of the radial velocity over the time. Through designing 13 group tests and changing five variables, we have also scrutinized the shell aspect ra- tio, the material strength of axial ends, the central charge, and load- ing density of the cast objects, so as to find how for the radiating ma- terial to influence the state of cloud. The results show that the radiat- ing radius increases with the decrease of the solid scattering specific gravity. The central propellant has also been found to affect the dis- persing acceleration. That is to say, the bigger the scattering pieces, the greater the scattering speed and the larger the scattering radius will be. But when the dose increases to a certain value, it was found that the influence proves to turn smaller on the explosive radiating ra- dius. It has also been discovered that if the axial strength of the shell ends is enhanced, the axial linear dispersion will be enhanced too. Moreover, the greater the aspect ratio, the slower the dispersion speed and in turn the smaller the final diffusion radius will be. And given the initial time （about 200 ms）, the smaller the packing densi- ty, the faster the dispersing speed, though the opposite phase will be in the far end. And, in final analysis, changes of the material strength at both ends of the shell and the packing density of scatter material along with the aspect ratio may generally influence the axial movement of cloud central charge. Under the right conditions, they can also make the clouds move more quickly in the axial direction. Needless to say, the quality of the explosive material also influences the radial velocity of the radiating clouds. Therefore, the reduction of the radius of the radiating dispersion material and the packaging den- sity can naturally foster the initial casting velocity of the clouds.