作业场所风险影响因素分析及评估模型研究

Analysis of risks-laden factors at working places and a renovated evaluation model

根据作业场所职业危害的现状和特点,结合企业安全生产活动的过程和大量职业病患病案例,从人、物、环境、管理、安全技术、法制监管和社会经济利益等方面对作业场所职业危害风险影响因素进行分析,总结出7大类、36个要素。运用系统工程理论,对各风险影响因素进行了定性和量化处理,建立了作业场所风险影响因素的5级多层递阶解释结构模型。通过分析作业场所风险影响因素的关系结构,得到作业场所职业危害风险的表层直接影响因素、中层间接影响因素和深层影响因素。以表层直接影响因素为基础,形成风险评估体系,建立了作业场所风险模糊综合评估模型。运用此模型对某轧钢企业作业场所的职业危害进行风险评估,结果表明,该企业作业场所风险等级为第2级,属于一般危害程度,与该企业实际的状况相符合。实例证明,该模型适用于作业场所职业危害的风险评估。

The paper is aimed to provide a systematic analysis of various factors that may lead to occupational hazards in different working conditions, such as in the educational levels of job skills, physical conditions of the staff members, the unfavorable materialistic features, the conditions of protection facilities and amenities, the work- place surroundings, the conditions of working quarters, the rules and regulations, the fire-preventive measures, design rationalities, safety input, judicial and managerial standards, etc. Careful analysis of the business safety production activities and occupational diseases should let us know that the occupational hazards at the workplaces are actu- ally affected by the innumerous factors from the point of view of the social status and characteristic features of the occupational hazards at the workplaces. The entire goal of our research work has been fo- cused around the control and management of human resources, ma- chine, environment, management restraints, safety technology, legal regulation and social economic benefits, etc. A careful summary on the risks-laden factors of the working places has made us clear that 36 factors of such nature are to be taken account of with our topic. Pro- fessionally and theoretically speaking, it is convenient to categorize the paper the 36 factors into 5 hierarchal levels. Furthermore, ana- lyzing the relationship and structure of all the influential factors en- ables us to obtain the direct surface, mlddle-level indirect and deep- level fundamentally affecting factors, which include the company or enterprise culture, the safety evaluation, the government, supervision mechanism, the social supervision, the legal standards and the regu- latory enforcement of the authoritative institutions. Next, based on the thorough-going systematic investigation over a sample workplace of some steel-rolling company, we have applied the above-said direct surface-level affecting factors to the risk assessment of the occupation- ai hazards of the sample place. With the help of the computer exper- tise database specifically prepared, we have compared the degrees of all the influential factors with the referential index of assessment goals. The assessment results indicate that the closer the association between the assessment goals and the assessment levels, the more closely interconnected they would turn to be. And, finally, the as- sessment results prove that the occupational hazards laden in the above mentioned steel rolhng company turns to be of the second lev- el, that is, of the general hazard-laden degree, within the control- lable normal managing situation. Hence, the present research is valu- able and provides an effective way for the accident-prevention and controlling of the occupational hazards of such conditions.