现象学直观的教育价值及其评价——基于马克斯·舍勒的价值论、教育观的分析

The Educational Value and Its Evaluation of Phenomenological Intuition:Based on the Analysis of Max Scheler's Value Theory and Educational Viewpoint

马克斯·舍勒的现象学态度直观的价值理论、教育理论,不仅对哲学伦理学具有奠基作用,而且也为教育价值及其评价理论提供了现象学审视的全新视角。舍勒认为价值分为感官价值、生命价值、精神价值、神圣价值;相应地,作为存在范畴的教育的价值也可分为教育感官价值、教育活力价值、教育实用价值和教育神圣价值;教育评价不能仅仅停留在教育的生命价值这一较低的层级,因为人是生命和精神的同构的在者,因此,教育评价应基于人和教育本身,对教育进行生命和精神同构的价值判断。

The value theory and educational viewpoint from Max Scheler＇s phenomenological intuition not only laid the foundation for philosophical ethics but also provided a new angle to examine the theory of educational value and its evaluation from phenomenological perspective. According Scheler, value can be divided into sensory value, life value, spirit value and holy value, and correspondingly the education value, as a being category, can also be divided into educational sensory value, educational life value, educational parictice value and educational holy value. The educational evaluation cannot merely be stuck at the lower level of educational life value, because man is the isomorphic being of life and spirit. Therefore, educational evaluation should make value judgment on education in the aspects of both life and spirit based on person and education.