论中国人类学田野调查的“历史”过程

On the Historical Process of Anthropological Fieldwork in China

人类学自20世纪20年代由西方传入中国后即开始了其"中国化"的过程,作为文化人类学方法论指导的田野调查,在中国亦同样有一个"中国化"的过程。大体言之,中国人类学田野调查按时序可分为4个时期:1934年以前为第一个时期;1934-1949年为第二个时期,1949-1980年为第三个时期,1980年到现在为第四个时期,每个时期皆有其特色。

Anthropology, since its transfer from the West to China in the 1920s, has been enjoying its Chinese process. As the methodology guidance of cultural anthropology, fieldwork has also been experiencing its Chinese process. Chinese anthropology fieldwork can be chronologically divided into 4 periods： the 1st period （before 1934）, the 2nd period （from 1934 to 1949）, the 3rd period （from 1949 to 1980） and the 4th period （from 1980 to the present）. Each period shows its own characteristics.