河流综合分类及其生态特征分析Ⅱ：应用

Comprehensive approach for classification of river systems and identification of ecological characteristics Ⅱ. Applications

基于作者提出的河流纪、系、统、类、型、境、群的综合分类方法,在该体系的层次结构中,各空间尺度的环境因子共同决定了河流生态特征,其中地理气候和地貌条件是决定淡水生物群落结构组成的主要方面,而河水补给形式和河流平面形态则对个别物种的丰富度和分布具有一定影响。结合已有国内外研究资料,可以按照河流综合分类方法的层次递进分析对各类河流进行合理的划分,同时对不同类型河流特征河段的生境条件及其水生生物群落(如大型水生植物、浮游藻类、底栖动物和鱼类)组成和分布状况进行系统说明。本文通过对生物群落中部分广适种、气候种和典型地方种的辨识,将河流生态特征多数在"属"的水平上详细刻画,从而为河流生境的快速识别、分类和生态修复提供"生物基准"。

The comprehensive approach for classification of river systems makes it possible to identify the influence of the historical geologic period, climate zone, water source, geomorphic unit, and profile/pattern on the ecological niche and biological community of a specific river in terms of its period, system, series, type, pattern, habitat and community. The hierarchical analysis of the environmental factors corresponding to different-scaled sub-systems of the concerned river is of primary importance to understanding of ecological characteristics at different layers. Among the environmental factors, climate zone and geomorphic unit usually dominate the structure of aquatic community. However, water source and river pattern at certain climate zone and geomorphie unit would influence abundance or distribution of some individual species. Therefore, the comprehensive approach as a whole could provide sufficient habitat information to specific characterized reach of a natural river and reasonable description of its corresponding aquatic communities such as macrophyte, algae, benthic macroinvertebrate and fish. Moreover, the common or climate species of the fauna could also be identified mostly to the family level, which is of significance to practices of river rehabili- tation by serving as reference like ecological baseline.