几种物理处理法对鱿鱼墨黑色素理化特性的影响

Influence of several treatments on properties of squid melanin

以鱿鱼墨黑色素为原料,利用紫外可见光谱仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电子显微镜研究超高压、亚临界和超声波处理对黑色素理化特性的影响。结果表明:超高压处理对黑色素理化特征变化影响最小,而亚临界和超声波处理可以引起黑色素发生较大变化,导致黑色素发生脱氨反应并且破坏亚氨基与金属离子螯合作用,但对于黑色素的特征结构,5,6-二羟基吲哚(DHI)并没有造成显著影响;超声波和亚临界处理对黑色素颗粒物理形态均有一定的破坏作用,超声波处理可使黑色素颗粒破碎生成更小的颗粒和碎片,经处理后直径100nm的颗粒数目比例提高至25%,比原料多了24.5%,其破碎效果大于亚临界处理。超声波处理可作为黑色素可溶性活性物质萃取的有效方法。

The influences of the ultra high pressure,subcritical water and ultrasonic wave treatment on the squid melanin were investigated by ultraviolet spectrophotometer,infrared spectrometer and scanning electron microscopy（SEM）analysis.The results showed that the change of squid melanin caused by ultra high pressure was almost ig-norable.The significant change of melanin was detected after treated by the subcritical water or the ultrasonic waves.The amidocyanogen and the chelate structure between imidogen and metal ion in melanin could be destroyed under the condition of sub-critical or ultrasonic wave treatment.However,5,6-dihydroxyindole that was the charac-teristic structure of melanin was intact.In addition,the shape of melanin was broken by the subcritical water or ultrasonic wave treatment.The change of the melanin shape caused by ultrasonic wave treatment was more significant than that of subcritical water treatment.There were more scraps and granules appeared after the melanin treated by ultrasonic wave.The proportion of the granule whose diameter was lower than 100nm was up to 25percent.It was only 0.5percent in the untreated material.So,the ultrasonic wave treatment could be used as an impactful method to extract functional ingredient from melanin without side effect.