一种新型太阳能炉设计制作的可靠性分析

Reliability analysis on design and manufacture for a new type of solar stove

文章简要介绍了故障树分析法(fault tree analysis,FTA)及其分析问题的步骤,提出了太阳能炉的设计制作原则和技术要求,并将FTA分析法应用于太阳能炉的可靠性分析中。首先根据太阳能炉系统的结构特点和工作原理,分析了可能引起系统失效的各种因素,建立了系统的故障树,并采用下行法算出太阳能炉系统故障树的最小割集,得出确定系统故障因素的各种可能的底事件的组合方式,最后计算出系统单元结构的重要度。分析和计算结果表明,在太阳能炉系统中,聚光器基架严重变形、反射面的反射率低于下限、进光口积尘过厚、保温层失效、炉胆爆裂和转动轴卡死是影响太阳能炉可靠性的主要因素。

Fault tree analysis（FTA） is briefly introduced.The design principle and technical requirements for the solar stove are proposed and FTA is used to analyze the reliability of the solar stove.Firstly,based on the structure and working principle of the solar stove,all kinds of factors likely affecting the system are analyzed.The fault tree of the solar stove system is set up and minimal cut set of the fault tree of the stove system is found with the descending method.The various possible combinations of basis events that makes system fault are determined.Finally,the importance of the cellular constructions are calculated.The results of analysis and calculation show that in solar stove system,severe distorted concentrator geometry,insurfficient reflectivity of the reflective surface of the concentrator,too much dust on the surface of the light entrance window,isolation failure,crack chamber and jamming of axis are the main factors influencing the reliability of a solar stove.