肾脏超声与肾盂造影对肾积水诊断比较观察

The kidney ultrasound and imaging of renal pelvis in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis

目的通过采用肾脏超声和肾盂造影对肾积水进行诊断,评价二者在肾积水临床诊断和治疗中的应用效果及价值。方法回顾性分析肾积水患者160例,所有患者均经手术或病理证实,重度肾积水55例,中度肾积水61例,轻度肾积水44例。对所有患者行肾脏超声和静脉尿路造影诊断肾积水程度及引起肾积水的原因,分析和比较两种诊断方式的诊断结果。结果肾脏超声检查结果:160例肾积水患者,积水肾脏共201个,双侧肾积水41例,单侧肾积水119例,积水肾脏共253个;其中造成肾积水的原因为肾结石64例,输尿管结石48例,肾萎缩9例,肾肿瘤4例,膀胱肿瘤6例,膀胱慢性炎症9例,不明原因16例;重度肾积水55例,中度肾积水62例,轻度肾积水39例,正常4例。肾盂造影检查结果:160例肾积水患者,双侧肾盂、肾盏显影135例,单侧肾盂、肾盏显影25例,双侧肾积水42例,单侧肾积水118例,共计202个肾脏积水;其中造成肾积水的原因为肾结石65例,输尿管结石64例,肾萎缩8例,肾肿瘤5例,膀胱肿瘤7例,膀胱慢性炎症8例,不明原因3例;重度肾积水54例,中度肾积水60例,轻度肾积水46例。结论使用肾脏超声检查重度、中度肾积水准确率高于静脉尿路造影,但对于轻度肾积水而言,静脉尿路造影诊断更为准确,在临床诊断和治疗中,医师应充分结合二者的影象结果和临床症状,对患者的病情作出较为准确的判断,从而改善患者的病情和预后,提高患者的生存质量和生活质量。

Objective： To evaluate the effect and value of the treatment and clinical diagnosis on hydronephrosis through the use of kidney ultrasound and renal pelvis imaging for diagnosis of hydronephrosis.Methods：Retrospective analysis was made in 160 cases of patients with hydronephrosis confirmed by surgery or pathology,with severe hydronephrosis in 55 cases,moderate hydronephrosis in 61 cases and 44 cases of mild hydronephrosis.All patients underwent renal ultrasound and intravenous urography in the diagnosis of hydronephrosis caused by the extent and cause of hydronephrosis.Analysis and comparison of two diagnostic methods of diagnosis were made.Results：In the renal ultrasound results of 160 cases of hydronephrosis in patients,there were a total of 201 water kidney,bilateral hydronephrosis in 41 cases,119 cases of unilateral hydronephrosis and a total of 253 renal water.The causes of hydronephrosis were kidney stones in 64 cases,urethral stones in 48 cases,renal atrophy in 9 cases,renal cancer in 4 cases,bladder cancer in 6 cases,chronic bladder inflammation in 9 cases,unknown causes in 16 cases,normal in 4 cases,severe hydronephrosis in 55 cases,moderate hydronephrosis in 62 cases,mild hydronephrosis in 39 cases,and normal in 4 cases.In the pyelogram results of 160 cases of hydronephrosis in patients,there were bilateral renal pelvis and calyces in 135 patients,unilateral renal pelvis and calyces in 25 cases,bilateral hydronephrosis in 42 cases,unilateral hydronephrosis in 118 cases and a total of 202 kidney water,and the causes of hydronephrosis were 65 cases of kidney stones,urethral stones in 64 cases,renal atrophy in 8 cases,5 cases of renal cancer,bladder cancer in 7 cases,chronic bladder inflammation in 8 cases,unknown causes in 3 cases,severe hydronephrosis in 54 cases,60 moderate hydronephrosis cases and 46 cases of mild hydronephrosis.Conclusion：The accuracy of renal ultrasound examination was higher than that of intravenous urography in severe and moderate hydronephrosis,but for mild hydronephrosis,intravenous urography was more accurate,and physicians should integrate the results of both the phenomenon and clinical symptoms,and the patient＇s condition to make more accurate judgments,and thus improve the patient＇s condition and prognosis and quality of life.