地震后汶川县映秀镇的小型兽类组成及季节动态观察

Observation of community composition and seasonal dynamics of small mammals after the earthquake in Yingxiu Wenchuan

目的了解四川省汶川县地震后小型兽类的组成和季节动态,为预防地震后鼠害与鼠传疾病暴发提供参考依据。方法于2009年7月(夏)、10月(秋),2010年1月(冬)、4月(春)采用夹夜法对四川省汶川县映秀镇进行小型兽类调查取样、统计分析。结果调查期间共布放1645夹次,捕获率为4.38%,捕获小兽隶属于2目2科6属9种,分别为四川短尾鼩、黄胸鼠、大足鼠、北社鼠、小家鼠、高山姬鼠、褐家鼠、中华姬鼠和灰麝鼩,优势种为北社鼠和四川短尾鼩;多样性指数、均匀性指数和优势度指数分别为2.574、0.205和0.812;从夏季到春季,小兽密度先上升再降低,物种数、多样性指数、均匀性指数总体降低,优势度指数总体升高,且各指数呈双峰型变化。结论映秀镇在地震后不同季节小型兽类组成不同,应根据各季节优势种和密度变化采取相应防治措施。

Objective To evaluate the community composition and seasonal dynamics of small mammals after the earthquake in Yingxiu Wenchuan Sichuan area to inform post-quake rodent control efforts and prevent rodent-borne disease outbreaks.Methods The surveys were conducted in July 2009（summer）,October 2009（autumn）,January 2010（winter）,and April 2010（spring）.Small mammals were sampled by the night trapping method and analyzed statistically.Results A total of 1645 traps were deployed during the investigation period,resulting in a capture rate of 4.38%.The captured small mammals belonged to 2 families,6 genera and 9 species,including Anourosorex squamipe,Rattus tanezumi,R.nitidus,Niviventer confucianus,Mus musculus,Apodemus chevrieri,R.norvegicus,Ap.draco and Crocidura attenuate.The predominant species were A.squamipe and N.confucianus.The diversity index,evenness and dominance indices were 2.574,0.205 and 0.812,respectively.The density of small mammals increased from summer and declined in spring the next year.The overall species,diversity index and evenness index decreased at the same period while the overall dominance index increased.Each of the indices presented a bimodal pattern.Conclusion The composition and the density of small mammals differs across seasons in Yingxiu area after the earthquake.The seasonal factors should be taken into account for rodent control and prevention of rodent-borne diseases.