舰艇蜚蠊、鼠类种群的季节消长与空间分布研究

Seasonal fluctuation and spatial distribution of cockroaches and rodents on naval vessels

目的研究舰艇上蜚蠊及鼠类的密度消长与空间分布规律,为舰艇有效开展防制工作提供科学依据和指导性建议。方法采用粘蟑纸法及粘鼠板法,在北海、东海及南海2个区域设调查点,研究蜚蠊及鼠类在舰艇上的空间分布规律,并在单月监测其密度。结果舰艇上蜚蠊一年四季均有活动,除南海2区季节消长不显著外,其他几个区域均在3月开始上扬,7月达到最高,之后缓慢下降,在11月下降到较低水平;舰艇鼠类以褐家鼠为主,偶见小家鼠,各地域季节波动不显著;厨房、餐厅、食品仓库及士兵住舱蜚蠊侵害较为严重,平均阳性率分别达到90.0%、75.5%、72.5%和61.5%;餐饮区是鼠类主要危害区,平均阳性率为75.2%;生活区次之(50.3%),工作区相对较低(44.5%)。结论研究结果可为各地域海军舰艇适时、科学组织杀灭工作提供重要依据。

Objective To investigate the seasonal fluctuation and spatial distribution of cockroaches and rodents on naval vessels to inform vector control programs in those settings.Methods Glue traps and boards were used to collect cockroaches and rodents at three monitoring regions of north,east and south oceans to identify the spatial distribution.Density was measured every other month.Results Cockroaches were present on naval vessels throughout the year.Activity started to rise in March and peaked in July,followed a slow decline until November in all monitored regions,while the seasonal fluctuation was not significant in the ocean area 2.Rattus norvegicus rats were the most common rodents while Mus musculus were observed occasionally.The fluctuation of rodents was not significant.Kitchens,dining halls,food warehouses and living cabins were severely infested by cockroaches with a mean infestation rate of 90.0%,75.5%,72.5%,and 61.5%,respectively.Rodents were mostly captured at the dinning areas with a mean positive rate of 75.2%,followed by living areas（50.3%）,and the lowest prevalence was found in working areas（44.5%）.Conclusion This study provides vital information for timely and organized vector control in vessels of different ocean regions.