南昌市鼠类种群结构和季节动态变化研究

Study of community structure and seasonal fluctuation of rats in Nanchang

目的了解南昌市鼠类种群结构和季节动态变化。方法分别采用粉迹法和夹夜法连续4年监测不同生境的鼠情。结果 2007-2010年南昌市平均鼠密度夹夜法为1.24%,粉迹法为5.96%,3月和9月为鼠密度高峰期。捕获鼠中褐家鼠占35.62%,小家鼠占33.38%,黄胸鼠占23.84%;居民区褐家鼠占56.99%,特殊行业褐家鼠占49.84%,小家鼠占27.54%,自然村小家鼠占45.71%,黄胸鼠占30.48%。结论南昌市鼠密度较高,鼠密度季节消长较为明显,优势鼠种由褐家鼠变为小家鼠,不同环境类型优势鼠种不同。

Objective To determine the population distribution and seasonal fluctuation of rats in Nanchang city.Methods Night trapping and powder trace were employed to survey the rat density in different settings over four years.Results The rodent densities were 1.24% and 5.96% by night-trapping and powder trace,respectively.Two peaks of rat density were found to begin from March and September.Rattus norvegicus,R.tanezumi and Mus musculus accounted for 35.62%,23.84% and 33.38% in the captured rats.R.norvegicus in residential areas accounted for 56.99%.R.norvegicus and M.musculus in special industries accounted for 49.84% and 27.54%,respectively.M.musculus and R.tanezumi in rural villages accounted for 45.71% and 30.48%,respectively.Conclusion The rodent density in Nanchang was relatively high with obvious seasonal fluctuation.The dominant species had shifted from R.norvegicus to M.musculus,and different dominant species were found in varying environments.