文化对知觉及其神经机制的影响:来自文化神经科学的证据

Cultural Influence on Human Perception and Its Neural Mechanisms:Evidence from Cultural Neuroscience

文化心理学研究表明文化能够塑造或者影响人的知觉,而认知神经科学曾一度忽略人的知觉过程的文化差异性。在整合文化心理学与认知神经科学研究的基础上,新兴的文化神经科学为人的知觉的文化依赖性提供了跨越行为与神经层次的证据和解释。过去几年的相关研究表明,文化能够塑造基本的视知觉过程,作为供允性的文化因素对非社会性知觉与社会性知觉都能够产生调节和影响。在非社会性知觉领域,对焦点刺激及其背景的识别与处理上表现出了文化差异性。在情绪识别、社会地位知觉、社会群体评价以及推断他人心理状态等社会性知觉领域,文化不仅影响社会性知觉的结果,同时还调节其神经机制活动。

Cultural psychology researches show that culture can shape or influence human perception, cognitive neuroscience has, however, once ignored the cultural differences in the process of perception. On the basis of integrating cultural psychology and cognitive neuroscience, the emerging cultural neuroscience provides new evidences and interpretation crossing the behavioral and the neural level. In the past few years, cultural neuroscience has argued that culture can shape processes of basic visual perception. Culture as perceptual affordance not only affects nonsocial perception, but also affects social perception. Studies in nonsocial perception domains have demonstrated cultural differences in seeing and attending to focal stimuli versus back- grounds. Culture not only tunes the outcomes of social perception （as revealed in behavioral responses）, but also affect the activity of the neural mechanisms that mediate these outcomes. Such evidence from the social perception domains including emotion recognition, social status perception, social group evaluation, and mental state inference.