广东南岭国家级自然保护区马尾松群落学特征研究

Study on Characteristics of Pinus massoniana Populations in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong

通过样方调查,对广东南岭国家级自然保护区管理局秤架管理处辖区内海拔1 000 m2左右的马尾松群落的物种组成、群落结构和物种多样性进行分析。结果表明,在1 000 m2的样地内共有维管束植物48科63属80种(变种),以泛热带成分为主,热带和温带成分也有一定的比例,表现出较明显的过渡性质;群落组成以马尾松为绝对优势种;群落分为乔木层、灌木层和草本-藤本层3层,层间植物稀少;按Raunkiaer标准,群落内种群频度为1%～20%的种类占优势,为总种数的45%,马尾松种群没有幼树、幼苗,呈衰退状态,常绿阔叶树,如黑柃、坛果山矾等幼树、幼苗多,年龄结构呈金字塔形,为增长型,表明群落正发生演替;Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数表现出相同的趋势,为灌木层>藤本>草本层>乔木层。

The floristic composition,structure,physiognomy and species diversity of P.massoniana Community in Nanling National Nature Reserve of Guangdong,by filed investigation of 1 000 m2 plot at the altitude of 1 000 m were analyzed.Results showed that there were 80 vascular species,belonging to 63 genera and 48 families（varieties）.Pantropic elements were the dominant,followed by Tropical and Temperate elements which showed obviously transitional characteristis.The community was obvious dominated by P.massoniana.The vertical structure of the community was composed of arbor,shrub and herb-liana layers,and interlayer species were poor.According to the Raunkiaer Frequency Law,species in 1%-20% occurrence frequency dominated the community,accounting for 45% of the total species.Saplings and young trees of P.massoniana population were not found,indicating the population was in the state of being degraded.However,saplings and young trees comprised other species populations such as Eurya macartneyi and Symplocos urceolaris,indicating the populations was in pioneer stage and with growing status.The diversity indices,such as Shannon-Wiener index and Simpson dominance index showed similar trend,with shrub layerliana layerherb layerarbor layer in the community.