太行山石灰岩区主要植被群落特征研究

Study on the Characteristics of Main Vegetation Communities in the Limestone Region of Taihang Mountain

[目的]对太行山石灰岩区主要植被群落特征进行研究,为进一步进行立地条件改善以及科学的选育石灰岩地区恢复山场的植被奠定基础。[方法]对河北省满城县北水峪大青山流域内经过治理的试验区和封禁区不同植被群落和未经治理的荒坡地进行调查,通过数据分析和综合评分法得出治理区、禁封区和未治理荒坡的差异性,并对治理区和封禁区植被群落模式进行比较,选出石灰岩区的优势乔灌草种。[结果]在相似的立地条件下,治理区和封禁区土壤养分含量和物理性质优于未经治理的荒坡,其中在治理区内柿树林土壤养分含量和物理性质优于侧柏林;治理区和封禁区土壤持水性能和枯落物性质比未治理的荒坡有明显改善,其中封禁区灌草丛土壤持水性能和枯落物性质最优,其次是治理区的侧柏林和柿树林;治理区和封禁区内植被群落的生物量和覆盖率高于未经治理的荒坡,其中封禁区的灌草丛生物量和覆盖率高于草丛,治理区柿树林高于侧柏林;在乔灌草种的选择上,主要通过综合评分法得出了优势种。[结论]治理区和禁封区在土壤养分和物理性质、土壤持水性和枯落物性质以及植被生物量、郁闭度、盖度等方面都优于未经治理的荒坡地,且当地乔灌草种的选择做到了经济效益和生态效益相结合。

[Objective]The aim was to study the characteristics of main vegetation communities in the limestone region of Taihang Mountain,so as to lay foundation for the further improvement of site conditions and the scientific breeding of vegetation used to restore the mountain field in limestone region.[Method] Based on the investigation of various vegetation communities in controlled test area,forbidden region and barren hillsides in Daqing Mountain basin,Beishui Valley,Mancheng County,Hebei Province,the difference among controlled region,forbidden region and barren hillsides could be found through data analysis and composite score,and the modes of vegetation communities in controlled region and forbidden region were compared to select predominant species of arbor,shrub and grass in limestone region.[Result] Under the similar site conditions,nutrient content and physical properties of soil in controlled region and forbidden region were superior to those of barren hillsides,and persimmon had high nutrient content and better physical properties compared with oriental arborvitae in controlled region;soil water maintenance and litter characters in controlled region and forbidden region improved more obviously than that of barren hillsides,and shrubbery in forbidden region was the most excellent,arborvitae and persimmon in controlled region the second;the biomass and the coverage rate of vegetation communities in controlled region and forbidden region were higher than those of barren hillsides,and those of shrubbery in forbidden region were better than tussock in closing hill,while persimmon was better than arborvitae in controlled region.The predominant species of arbor,shrub and herbage were obtained through composite score.[Conclusion]From the aspects of soil nutrient,physical properties,soil water maintenance,litter characters,vegetation biomass,canopy density and coverage,controlled region and forbidden region were superior to barren hillsides,and the selection of predominant species of arbor,shrub and herbage considered both ecological and economic benefits.