湖南省耕地及粮食生产变化分析

Analysis of Change of Cultivated Land and Grain Production in Hunan Province

[目的]探求保护耕地和保障粮食安全的对策,为湖南省耕地和粮食相关决策制定提供参考。[方法]以县(区)为单位收集了湖南省1989～2008年人口、耕地和粮食等数据,利用地理信息系统平台分析了全省耕地、粮食的变化情况。[结果]全省20年人口持续增加,耕地面积整体减少,粮食总量及人均粮食占有量在一定范围内波动。工业化、城市化等是导致耕地减少的主要原因,耕地在数量和质量上占补不平衡、自然灾害的影响、农业产业结构的调整、品种改良和种粮技术的提高是影响粮食生产的重要原因。[结论]要确保全省粮食安全,必须加强耕地质和量上的保护,通过改善农业基础设施建设提高抵御旱涝灾害能力以保障耕地生产力,通过惠粮等政策提高农民种粮积极性,通过改良品种提高粮食单产,通过提高双季稻种植面积增大粮食播种面积。

[Objective] This paper aimed at exploring the countermeasures for cultivated land protection and food security assurance and providing references for the formulation of policies related to cultivated land and grain production of the whole province.[Method] Data of population,cultivated land,grain and others in Hunan Province during 1989 to 2008 were collected by county（district）.The change of cultivated land and grain production of the whole province were analyzed using Geographical Information System（GIS）.[Result] The population was increasing continuously,the total area of cultivated land was reducing as a whole in spite of increasing in one or two year in one or two county,the total grain production and per capita grain yield was fluctuated within a certain range in recent 20 years of the whole province.The reducing of cultivated land was mainly due to the industrialization and urbanization development.The unbalanced quantity and quality of cultivated land,various natural disasters,readjustment of industry structure and inner readjustment in the agriculture,variety improvement and improvement of cultivated technology mainly affected of the grain production.[Conclusion] The protection of the quantity and quality of cultivated land has to be strengthened to ensure food security.It is important to enhance the ability of resisting drought and flood disasters by improving the construction of agriculture establishment in order to insure the productivity of cultivated land,to increase farmer＇s enthusiasm for growing grain with favourable food policy,to improve the per unit area yield of grain by variety improvement and to increase grain sown area by enlarging the double-cropping rice sown area.