雪被去除对川西高山森林冬季土壤温度及碳、氮、磷动态的影响

Effects of snow pack removal on the dynamics of winter-time soil temperature, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus in alpine forests of west Sichuan

气候变暖导致的雪被动态格局变化可能深刻影响高山森林生态过程.为了解气候变暖背景下雪被的减少对川西高山森林土壤生态过程的影响,2009年10月19日—2010年5月18日,采用遮雪方法,研究了雪被去除对该区冷杉原始林土壤温度和碳、氮、磷的影响.结果表明:雪被去除加大了土温日变化幅度和冻融循环频次,使土壤冻结和融化时间提前.雪被去除使土壤可溶性碳和可溶性氮、有效磷、铵态氮和硝态氮冬季含量高峰提前到雪被覆盖期;雪被覆盖期至融化期的可溶性碳和氮及硝态氮含量增加,但有效磷和铵态氮含量降低,改变了其组分比例.气候变暖引起的川西高山森林雪被减少将改变土壤外部环境条件,进而影响土壤碳、氮和磷过程.

The dynamic changes of snow pack as affected by global warming might have strong effects on the ecological processes in alpine forests. To understand the responses of soil ecological processes in the alpine forests of west Sichuan to the decreasing snow pack under global warming, a snow-shading experiment was conducted in a primary fir forest from October 19, 2009 to May 18, 2010, with the effects of snow pack removal on the dynamics of soil temperature, carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus investigated. The results showed that snow pack removal increased the diurnal variation amplitude of soil temperature and the frequency of freeze-thaw cycle, and advanced the time of soil frozen and melt as well as the peak time of soil dissolved carbon and nitrogen, available P, NH4＋-N, and NO3--N. Snow pack removal increased the concentrations of soil dissolved carbon and nitrogen and NO3--N but decreased the concentrations of soil available P and NH4＋-N, and changed the ratios of soil dissolved carbon and nitrogen, available P, NH4＋-N, and NO3--N in the period of snow cover and snow melt. The decreased snow pack in winter time in the alpine forests of west Sichuan as affected by global warming could alter the soil exterior environment, and further, affect the processes of soil carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.