不同氮磷钾施肥方式对水稻碳、氮累积与分配的影响

Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium fertilization modes on carbon-and nitrogen accumulation and allocation in rice plant

基于我国南方双季稻区20年长期田间定位施肥试验,研究了不同氮磷钾施肥方式对水稻碳、氮积累与分配的影响.结果表明:偏施氮肥处理水稻籽实的碳、氮含量最高,分别达到433和18.9g·kg-1.水稻植株的碳、氮储量以氮磷钾平衡施肥(NPK)及氮磷钾基础上有机物料循环施肥处理(NPKC)最高,其中NPKC和NPK处理籽实碳储量分别为2015和1960kg·hm-2,茎叶碳储量分别为2048和2002kg·hm-2;籽实氮储量分别为80.6和80.5kg·hm-2,茎叶氮储量则以NPK处理最高,为59.3kg·hm-2.有机无机肥的配合施用显著增加了水稻植株体内碳和氮的累积;与偏施氮肥处理相比,氮磷钾的综合施用更利于水稻生长过程中碳、氮的累积与分配.

Based on a 20-year field site-specific fertilization experiment in Taoyuan Experimental Station of Agriculture Ecosystems under Chinese Ecosystem Research Network （CERN）, this paper studied the effects of different fertilization modes of N, P, and K on the accumulation and allocation of C and N in rice plant. The fertilization mode N-only showed the highest C and N contents （433 g·kg-1 and 18.9 g·kg-1, respectively） in rice grain, whereas the modes balanced fertilization of chemical N, P and K （NPK） and its combination with organic mature recycling （NPKC） showed the highest storage of C and N in rice plant. In treatments NPK and NPKC, the C storage in rice grain and in stem and leaf was 1960 kg·hm-2 and 2015 kg·hm-2, and 2002 kg·hm-2 and 2048 kg·hm-2, and the N storage in rice grain was 80.5 kg·hm-2 and 80.6 kg·hm-2, respectively. Treatment NPK had the highest N storage （59.3 kg·hm-2） in stem and leaf. Balanced fertilization of chemical N, P, and K combined with organic manure recycling increased the accumulation of C and N in rice plant significantly. Comparing with applying N only, balanced fertilization of chemical N, P, and K was more favorable to the accumulation and allocation of C and N in rice plant during its growth period.