纳版河自然保护区橡胶和农作物种植对畜禽养殖数量的影响

Effects of planting rubber and crops on the keeping number of livestock and poultry in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve

为评价纳版河流域国家级自然保护区橡胶和农作物种植对畜禽养殖数量的影响,选取13个村寨、207户农户为调查对象,从种植业和养殖业两个方面进行了系统调查.结果表明:纳版河保护区饲养的畜禽主要是本地水牛、黄牛、滇南小耳猪、茶花鸡和少量版纳斗鸡,外来品种极少.1991—2008年,纳版河保护区橡胶种植面积逐年上升,影响了玉米、水稻和其他经济作物的种植和畜禽养殖数量.橡胶种植对水牛和滇南小耳猪养殖数量影响显著,未种植橡胶的家庭水牛和滇南小耳猪养殖数量显著高于种植橡胶的家庭;玉米、水稻和其他经济作物种植面积对水牛、黄牛和滇南小耳猪养殖数量产生积极影响;总种植面积对水牛和茶花鸡养殖数量有着积极的影响.橡胶的发展导致纳版河保护区土地利用方式发生明显改变,种植模式对畜禽养殖数量产生显著影响,随着橡胶种植面积的逐年上升,当地的畜牧业受到抑制.

A total of 207 householders from 13 natural villages in the Naban River Watershed National Nature Reserve were chosen for a systematic survey on the farming and livestock husbandry, aimed to evaluate the effects of planting rubber and crops on the keeping number of livestock and poultry in the study area. The livestock and poultry bred in the Reserve were mainly buffalo, Yunnan Yellow cattle, small-eared pig, Chahua chicken, and a few Banna game fowls. Exotic breeds were very limited. From 1991 to 2008, the planting area of rubber increased year by year, giving negative effects on the corn, rice, and cash crop production as well as the keeping number of livestock and poultry. Planting rubber had significant negative effects on the keeping number of buffalo and small-eared pig. The families planting rubber kept significantly less buffalo and small-eared pig, as compared to those not planting rubber. The planting areas of corn, rice, and cash crops had positive effects on the keeping number of buffalo, Yunnan Yellow cattle, and small-eared pig, and the total planting area of the crops had active effects on the keeping number of buffalo and Chahua chicken. The development of rubber production led to an obvious change in land use pattern, which in turn had significant effects on the keeping number of livestock and poultry. With the increasing rubber planting area year by year, the local livestock husbandry would be restrained.