亚热带两种森林土壤担子菌漆酶基因多样性比较

Basidiomycetous laccase gene diversity in two subtropical forest soils

漆酶是降解森林凋落物中木质素的关键酶之一,直接影响着森林生态系统碳循环过程.运用TA克隆、测序技术,研究了两种亚热带森林(原生常绿落叶阔叶混交林和人工马尾松林)凋落物层(O层)和土壤表层(A层,0～20cm)降解木质素的担子菌漆酶基因多样性.结果表明:同一土壤层位,原生林土壤中担子菌漆酶基因多样性和种群丰富度高于马尾松林;同一森林生态系统,原生林土壤O层中担子菌漆酶基因多样性和种群丰富度略高于土壤A层,而马尾松林则O层明显低于A层;两森林土壤具有相同含漆酶基因的担子菌优势种群,且大部分优势种群与伞菌目小菇属或侧耳属有较高的氨基酸相似性;与原生林土壤A层和马尾松林土壤O层相比,原生林土壤O层和马尾松林土壤A层中含漆酶基因的担子菌种群分布相对均匀;马尾松林O层与A层之间漆酶基因核苷酸序列的相似性较原生林土壤O层与A层之间的高.表明植被和土壤层位显著影响漆酶基因多样性和群落结构,而植被和土壤层位引起的担子菌可利用底物和土壤pH值的差异可能直接驱动这种影响.

As one of the key enzymes involved in lignin decomposition of forest litter, laccase plays an important role in the carbon cycling in forest ecosystem. By using TA cloning and sequencing, a comparative study was conducted on the basidiomycetous laccase gene diversity in the O horizon （litter layer） and A horizon （surface soil layer, 0-20 cm） in two subtropical forests （a primeval evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest and an artificial masson pine forest）. For the same soil horizons, the basidiomycetous laccase gene diversity and richness were higher in the primeval forest than in the masson pine forest; for the same forest ecosystems, the basidiomycetous laccase gene diversity and richness in the primeval forest were slightly higher in O horizon than in A horizon, but those in the masson pine forest were apparently lower in O horizon than in A horizon. The two forest soils had the same dominant laccase gene-containing basidiomycetous populations, and most of the populations had high similarity of amino acid sequence to Mycena sp. or Pleurotus sp. belonging to Agaricales. Comparing with the A horizon in primeval forest and the O horizon in masson pine forest, the O horizon in primeval forest and the A horizon in masson pine forest had a relatively uniform distribution of basidiomycetous populations. The nucleotide sequence similarity of basidiomycetous laccase gene between the O and A horizons in the masson pine forest was higher than that in the primeval forest. This study showed that vegetation and soil horizon had significant effects on the basidiomycetous laccase gene diversity and community structure, and the discrepancies in the substrate availability for basidiomycetes and in the soil pH induced by the vegetation and soil horizon could be the driving forces.