胶州湾湿地海域水体和表层沉积物环境质量评价

Environmental quality assessment of water body and surface sediment in the sea area of Jiaozhou Bay wetland

基于2009年对胶州湾湿地48个站点的调查数据,采用内梅罗(Nemerow)指数、富营养指数(EI)和Hakanson潜在生态危害指数法对胶州湾湿地水体和表层沉积物环境质量现状进行了评价.结果表明:对参与评价的pH值、溶解氧、无机氮、活性磷酸盐、CODMn、石油类、Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Hg、As、六六六、滴滴涕、大肠菌群、粪大肠菌群等16项指标而言,各调查月份大沽河感潮河段水质处于中污染-重污染水平,潮间带区域水质处于轻污染-中污染水平,浅海区域水质处于轻污染水平.胶州湾湿地不同区域富营养化程度差异明显,其中大沽河感潮河段水体EI值在58.13～327.89,富营养化程度严重;潮间带区域水体EI值在1.34～19.96,富营养化程度较为严重;浅海区域水体EI值在0.65～2.10,富营养化程度较轻.胶州湾湿地海域表层沉积物质量基本处于轻污染水平,其中大沽河感潮河段处于轻污染水平,潮间带区域处于轻污染-中污染水平,浅海区域处于较清洁-轻污染水平.胶州湾湿地海域表层沉积物中重金属单项污染参数(Cfi)和污染程度指数(Cd)较低,污染程度处于低级水平,Cu、Zn是表层沉积物中的主要污染因子;重金属潜在的生态危害系数(Eri)和潜在生态危害指数(RI)较小,污染程度属于低生态危害范畴.

Based on the investigation data from 48 sampling stations in the sea area of Jiaozhou Bay wetland in 2009, and by using Nemerow index, eutrophication index （EI）, and Hakanson potential ecological risk index, an assessment was conducted on the environmental quality of water body and surface sediment in the sea area. According to the assessment on the 16 indicators including pH, dissolved oxygen （DO）, dissolved inorganic nitrogen （DIN）, dissolved inorganic phosphorous （DIP）, chemical oxygen demand （CODMn）, petroleum hydrocarbons, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd, Hg, As, hexachlorocyolohexane （HCH）, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane （DDT）, coliform, and faecal coliform, the water quality was at moderate and serious pollution level in the tidal reach of Dagu River, at slight and moderate pollution level in the intertidal zone, and at slight pollution level in the shallow sea. The eutrophication level differed markedly with the regions, being very serious in the tidal reach of Dagu River （EI value 58.13-327.89）, serious in the intertidal zone （EI value 1.34-19.96）, and slight in the shallow sea （EI value 0.65-2.10）. The surface sediments in the sea area were basically at slight pollution level. The sediment quality was at slight pollution level in the tidal reach of Dagu River, at slight and moderate pollution level in the intertidal zone, and at cleaner and slight pollution level in the shallow sea. The pollution parameter （Cfi） and contamination index （Cd） of the heavy metals in the surface sediments were low, suggesting that the pollution degree was at a lower level. The Cu and Zn were the primary pollution factors in the sediments. The potential ecological risk parameter （Eri） and risk index （RI） of the heavy metals in the surface sediments were lower, indicating a slight ecological risk of heavy metals pollution.