中国高速公路2007—2009年交通伤害的流行病学研究

Epidemiological analysis on expressway traffic injury from 2007 to 2009 in China

目的分析中国高速公路交通伤害的流行病学特点，为高速公路交通伤害的预防与控制提供科学依据。方法分析1994—2009年中国高速公路交通伤害的长期趋势和流行特征，以里程事故率、里程死亡率、事故致死率等指标评价中国高速公路交通伤害的严重性，通过聚类分析比较地区问里程死亡率和事故致死率的差别。结果1994—2009年中国高速公路交通伤害的长期趋势除事故致死率逐年上升，里程事故率和死亡率波动下降外，其他指标均先上升后下降，下降后的各指标仍高于1994年水平。在交通伤害的四项基本指标中除事故起数外，其他二三项指标（受伤人数、死亡人数和直接财产损失）在路网交通伤害中所占的比重逐年递增，以直接财产损失最明显，2006年以来占的比重均在30％以上。2007—2009年高速公路交通伤害的资料显示，4：00和16：00前后为事故高发时段，事故中驾驶员因素占93．02％，其中驾龄〈5年的驾驶员引起的事故占40．92％，行人和乘车人是高速公路的弱势人群，其事故致死率高达72．75％；尾随相撞（44．17％）和撞向固定物（16．35％）是主要的事故形态，路面干燥和晴天时事故比例高，分别为77．60％和65．93％。结论中国高速公路交通伤害的严重性与日俱增，应根据该类伤害的流行病学特点，有针对性地采取加缇道路管理、道路使用者的宣传教育和提高急救医疗服务水平等措施。

Objective To provide scientific support for the prevention and control of expressway traffic injury by analyzing the epidemiological features of expressway traffic injury in China. Methods The secular trend and epidemiologic features of expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 in China were analyzed. The indicators including mortality of mileage, accident rate of mileage, and accident mortality were used to evaluate the severity of expressway traffic injury in China. Cluster analysis was used lo compare the differences of accident rate of mileage and accident mortality from 29 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions. Results Except for the yearly increase of the accident mortality and the fluetuant decrease of the mortality and accident rate of mileage, other indicators reflecting the domestic expressway traffic injury from 1994 to 2009 were increased and then decreased, when the decreased indicators were still higher than those in 1994. In addition to the number of accidents of the four basic traffic injury indicators, the proportions of other three indicators （ number of wounded and death, direct property damage ） in the road traffic injury were increased year by year and the increase was the most obvious in regard of the direct property damage which had accounted for more than 30% since 2006, The data from 2007 to 2009 showed that the peak time of traffic accidents was at around 4：00 am and around 4：00 pro. The traffic accidents caused by the drivers accounted for 93.02% and the drivers with tess than five years of driving accounted for 40.92%. Pedestrians and passengers were vulnerable to the expressway traffic injury and the accident mortality was the highest （72.75 per 100 accidents）. Rear collision （44.17%） and bumping the fixed objects （ 16.35% ） were the major accident types. There was a high accident proportion on the dry road （77.60%） and sunshine day （65.39%）. Conclusions With worsening situation of the expressway traffic injury in China, we should, based on the epidemiological features of traffic injury on expressway, take appropriate measures such as strengthening traffic management of expressway and ed- ucation of road users and improring the emergency medical service level.