4Elliott M, Moxham J. Noninvasive mechanical ventilation by na- sal or face mask.//Tobin MJ, ed. Principles and practice of me- chanical ventilation[M]. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1994: 427- 453.
5Elliott MW, Steven MH, Phillips GD, et al. Non-invasive me- chanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure[J]. BMJ, 1990, 300:358- 360.
4American thoracic society. International consensus conferences in intensive care medicine:noninvasivepositive pressure ventila- tion in acute respiratory failure.Am J Respir Crit CareMed, 2001,163( 1 ):283.
5Josephine VL.Jadwiga AW, Mark WE, et al.Non-invasive posi- tive pressure ventilation to treat respiratory failure resulting from exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:Cochrane systematic review and meta analysis.BM. 1,2003,326 : 1-5.
6Pingleton S. Complications of acute respiratory failure.Am Rev.Respir Dis, 1988,137: 1463-1493.
