论民事再审制度的修正与重构

Dicussion on Revising and Reconstructure of Civil Retrial Procedure

民事再审,是指人民法院对已经发生法律效力的民事裁判、调解协议发现确有错误,依法再次进行审理的程序。作为民事诉讼程序中的补救程序,民事再审制度承担着纠正裁判错误,保障当事人合法权益,确保法律正确实施的功能。从区分其与作为宪法性权利的申诉权入手,介绍我国对原有制度的修正,通过历史和规范分析的方法,深入探讨该蕴含的价值冲突和平衡制度和补充性的特点,并从不同角度提出重构和完善的设想。

Retrial procedure is the most important system in the civil lawsuit. The essence of civil retrial procedure is an error-correcting one whose aim is to revise error for the sake of just. The reason for retrial legislation is to sentence justly and help the achievement of civil lawsuit. By distinguishing the right of appeal from it, it introduces its modification. Through the historical and normative analysis, some basic characteristics such as conflict and banlance of values and complementary principle are discussed. At last, the specific ideas and proposal are envisaged.