应用Maxent生态位模型预测淡水钩虾(甲壳纲,端足目)的分布(英文)

MODELING THE DISTRIBUTIONAL PATTERN OF FRESHWATER GAMMARUS (CRUSTACEA, AMPHIPODA) WITH MAXENT

预测物种的适生区对于物种资源的评估、保护以及生物多样性的管理非常重要。由于全球气候变化和人类的过度开发,冷水性无脊椎动物的衰减速度比在陆地和海洋生活的无脊椎动物都要高。目前关于中国淡水钩虾分布方面的研究很少,本研究基于103个地表淡水钩虾的不同分布位点和广布种湖泊钩虾Gammarus lacustris 23个不同分布位点以及32个环境因子数据,使用生态位模型(Maxent)预测了淡水钩虾和湖泊钩虾在我国的适生分布区域。结果显示淡水钩虾非常适合分布在我国的一些偏远山区,如长白山、太行山、横断山、天山、昆仑山和祁连山,而青藏高原的东部、西部边缘地区和南部分布地区、尼泊尔、不丹和朝鲜半岛也是淡水钩虾的潜在适生区域,但淡水钩虾在我国华南、华中和华北的平原地区分布却很少,其在我国的潜在分布区与-10℃和5℃1月平均气温线间的区域相似。淡水钩虾是典型的狭温性物种,在不适宜温度条件下很难存活,这可能也是限制其扩散和存活的关键性因素。

Predicting habitat suitability of species is important for resource assessment, environmental conservation and biodiversity management. Cold freshwater invertebrate biodiversity is known to have declined much faster than terrestrial and marine species due to factors such as climate change, water pollution and human overexploitation. Few studies focus on the distributional pattern of common freshwater species of Chinese Gammarus. In this study, we construct ecological niche models for the distributions of the genus and the widespread species G. lacustris using Maxent. The analyses use 103 and 23 unique epigean localities along with 32 environmental variables. The models predict high habitat suitability for freshwater Chinese species of Gammarus in remote mountain areas, such as the Changbai Mountains, Taihang Mountains, Hengduan Mountains, Tian Mountains, Kunlun Mountains and Qilian Mountains. The edges of the Eastern and Western Tibetan Plateau, partial regions of the Southern Tibetan Plateau, Nepal, Bhutan, and the Korean Peninsula are also predicted to have suitable areas. Freshwater Gammarus have a limited distribution in the plains of South China, Central China and North China. Potential occurrences of the species in China closely correspond to an average annual January temperature between -10 ℃ and 5 ℃. Freshwater Gammarus includes typical stenothermal species that cannot survive without suitable thermal conditions, which could be one of the crucial factors that affect their dispersal and survival.