北京城市办公空间的行业分布及集聚特征

Industrial Distribution and Clusters of Urban Office Space in Beijing

以北京城区6个行政区内的594个抽样写字楼内公司数量、规模和行业隶属为研究样本和数据,运用缓冲区分析和Ripley'sK(d)函数等空间分析方法,探讨在城市经济转型过程中,逐办渐公替活代动制区造位业选的择办具公有活明动显行的业向分心布性与,空其间就集业聚密特度征与。公即司:密①度从表总现体在来以看天,安北门京为城中市心各,行以业5k特m征、显10著k,m、整1体5呈km现为"半东径高的西缓低冲"区,圈城层市结高构端中功由能内区向就外业逐吸渐纳递能减力的强特的点特;点②,其各分行布业大空体间呈分异现3种集聚模式,即"大分散、小集聚"模式,"大分散、大集聚"模式和"小分散、大集聚"在模式差;异③,其各中行,业社空会间服集务聚业趋和势类批似发,零均售呈业先的增办后公减区的位倒可"选U范"围型最结大构,特金征融,业但集其聚空于间特尺定度存区域,区位可选范围偏小,交通运输仓储和邮政业的交通区位指向显著。

The study on the industrial structure of urban office space helps to understand the formation of spatial structure of economic activities.We select 594 office buildings as the study samples.The location data of the samples are selected from 1921 office buildings that the research group gathered for two consecutive years by using Trimble Juno SB handheld GPS in six districts of Beijing.Most of the industrial attribute data came from e-Buy Data Information Company,and the rest of them came from the questionnaire and telephone interviews done by the research group.Using spatial analysis methods such as buffer analysis and Ripley＇s K（d） functions,we analyze the distribution of office industries and spatial clusters in which the office activities have gradually replaced the manufacturing activities in urban economic transformation.Furthermore,the study tries to reveal the spatial structure of economic activities in inner city of Beijing as follows.（1） Generally speaking,the choice of office industry location has obvious centrality in Beijing.Its company and employment density show a decreasing trend from inside to outside,which accords to the circle structure with Tiananmen Square as the center as well as 5 km,10 km and 15 km as the radius buffer zones.（2） There is a significant difference in the spatial distribution of the industry,featured by ＂east higher and west lower＂.The high function area in the city has strong ability to attract employees.The spatial distribution patterns are generally identified in three modes of concentration.Wholesale and retail,social services and technology services present a ＂large scatter,large cluster＂ mode,namely,many companies cluster in the hotspots and the range is wide.Transportation and financial sectors have a ＂small scatter,large cluster＂ mode,that is,spatial distribution of the large companies show relative concentration and form a wider range of concentration hotspots.The construction,real estate,education and culture industries have a ＂large scatter,small cluster＂ mode.（3） The trend of spatial industrial concentration is similar,showing the way of increasing first and then decreasing as an inverted ＂U＂-shaped structure.Owing to the different spatial scales,the office location of social services and wholesale and retail have the largest range of options;the financial industries gather in a specific area,and their location range options are small;transportation,storage and postal industries have a trend to a significant traffic location.The companies with higher absorptive capacity of employment in various office buildings tend to be located along the lines of communication.Thus,transportation condition is still an important factor affecting office location choice.In addition,different concentration features of the office sectors at various scales reflect the differences of selected range of office location.