中国地域多功能性评价及其决策机制

Territorial Multi-functionality Evaluation and Decision-making Mechanism at County Scale in China

地域功能具有明显的空间异质性和时间变异性。随着工业化、城镇化快速发展,地域空间的分异性与人地系统的多样性不断增强,地域功能及其发展定位呈现多元化趋势。本文通过构建地域多功能性评价指标体系与指数分析模型,开展了中国县域尺度经济发展、粮食生产、社会稳定、生态保育功能及其综合功能的分级评判研究。结果表明:经济发展功能一级区主要分布在珠江三角洲、长江三角洲、京津冀都市圈等东部沿海发达地区和中西部大城市周边地区;粮食生产功能一级区主要分布在东北平原、黄淮海平原、四川盆地、湖北中部及湖南东部等平原集中分布区;社会保障功能则大致由沿海到内地、由北到南逐渐减弱;生态保育功能一级区集中分布在东北地区和秦岭—淮河一线以南地区;将各单项功能进行县域尺度耦合,评价了各县域的综合功能强度,划分出综合功能强势区和弱势区,探讨了强化县域主导功能与优化生产要素配置的财政转移支付、生态补偿、政绩考核等创新机制和政策,为统筹区域发展和提升县域竞争力提供决策依据。

Territorial function in various regions has a significant spatial heterogeneity and temporal variability.With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization as well as enhancement of geographic differentiation and diversity of man-earth areal system,territorial functions and regional development orientations has shown an increasingly strong trend towards diversification.Based on the definition of territorial dominant functions at the county level and the building of multi-functionality evaluation index system and index analysis model,this paper evaluates and grades the functions of economic development,food security,social stability,environmental protection and comprehensive function.The results are obtained as follows economy-oriented functional areas are mainly distributed in eastern coastal developed areas and peripheral areas of the metropolitan regions,such as Pearl River Delta,Yangtze River Delta and Beijing-Tianjin-Ji region.Grain-oriented functional areas are mainly distributed in the Northeast China Plain,the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain,Sichuan Basin,central Hubei,eastern Hunan and other regions covered by a large area of plain.The social security function indexes are gradually weakened from coastal to inland areas and from north to south;Eco-conservation areas are concentrated in the Northeast China and southern Qinling Mountain-Huaihe River Line.Then based on the coupling of each dominant function and the evaluation of composite function at the county level,study areas are divided into two types：areas with strong function and areas with weak function.Finally,this paper explores the innovation mechanisms and favorable policies to enhance the dominant function of each county and optimize the allocation of production factors,including the financial transfer payment,ecological compensation,and government performance assessment,which provide a scientific guidance for regional harmony development and sustainable growth of county competitive power.