遵义市2009/2010年秋冬春连旱事实及形成原因初析

A Preliminary Analysis of Serious Drought in Autumn,Winter and Spring in Zunyi from 2009 to 2010

2009年秋季到2010年初春,遵义市出现了特大干旱,对农业、林业、人畜饮水、水利电力等方面造成严重的危害和巨大的损失。详细分析干旱期间的气象要素,从秋季9月到初春3月的总降水量不足常年同期平均值的一半,并与历史上的秋冬干旱年份进行了比较,发现本次干旱期间遵义市大部分地方降水量等多项气象要素突破历史最少记录,因此认为2009—2010年出现的干旱是有气象记录以来最严重的秋冬春连旱,并且是在2009年夏季降水偏少的基础上发生的,因此干旱影响尤为突出。讨论了干旱期间大气环流和水汽输送特征,认为副热带高压持续偏强,冷空气势力弱,水汽输送差是造成干旱的主要气象成因。

From the autumn of 2009 to the spring of 2010,a serious drought occurred in Zunyi,The drought has caused severe damage and loss to agriculture,forestry,drinking water,hydraulic power,etc.This paper analyzes the elements of weather during the drought.From September 2009 to March 2010,total rainfall was less than half of the annual average amount of the past years.With comparison with winter droughts of the past years,meteorological elements such as rainfall in most parts of the city reached an all-time low.It is believed that the drought from 2009 to 2010 has been the most serious drought from autumn to spring successively since the city had meteorological record.The drought took place on the basis of the little rainfall in summer of 2009,and thus its impact is quite serious.The general circulation and the transfer of water vapor characteristic in arid period are discussed.It is believed that the continuous strong subtropical pressure,the weak cold air influence and the difference of the transfer of water vapor create the arid main meteorological origin.