正言若反——《老子》的悖异修辞

Positive Word Sounds Negative——Converse Eloquence in "Laozi"

《老子》的语言精美洗练,但其末章的"信言不美,美言不信",却让历来读《老子》的人大惑不解,也引来众多的不同解读。其实从修辞角度看,这是用特定的表达形式表现特定内容的问题。《老子》中所阐释的"道"及其蕴涵的矛盾统一的辩证思想,用通常的逻辑推论式的正面表述有一定的难度。所以,老子就用一些看似不合常情常理、背离常形常态的语言来表达,以突破人们思维中的经验性,即"正言若反",也就是悖异修辞。

The words in＂Laozi＂are graceful and polished,but the last sentences often look like great different style： Ture words are not candied,and candied words are not true.These words puzzle readers and are understood differently.In fact,it is the problem that given content matches given style.It is difficult to explain the dialectic theory that contain in＂Laozi＂in common logic way.So Laozi uses the words that are not rational,in order to break away from the experience in mind.It is just＂Positive Word Sounds Negative＂,and it is just converse eloquence.