后京都时代的碳关税制度及其对我国的启示

System of Carbon tariff after Kyoto Protocol and Inspiration to China

碳关税制度最早为欧盟提出,近期美国众议院通过的《美国清洁能源与安全法》规定了碳关税制度。碳关税的实施将会导致我国相关产品的出口额下降、恶化我国的出口环境并导致我国高碳产业的离岸发展。碳关税制度因违反最惠国待遇原则和约束关税制度而与国际贸易法存在冲突,但是它因符合GATT第20条(b)款和(g)款而与国际贸易法相协调。碳关税对我国具有三方面的启示:第一,碳关税折射出国际法的不成体系性;第二,在多边体制内解决碳关税问题是可行的;第三,在国内应当大力发展低碳经济。

The system of Carbon tariff was advanced by Europe Union originally.Recently,the laws of Cleaner Energy and Security confirmed by the House of Representatives of United States sets up the system of Carbon tariff.The exercises of Carbon Tariff will depress the export products of China,worsen the export environment of China,and result in the offshore development of high-carbon industry of China.The system of Carbon tariff has a contradiction with laws of international trade,because of its breach with Most Favored Nation principle and Tariff bindings system,but the system is in accordance with NO.20 articles of GATT,and then is suitable for laws of International Trade.In author's opinion,the carbon tariff offers the three inspirations to China:first,Carbon tariff reflects the unsystematic international laws;second,the solution of argument on Carbon tariff is feasible by multilateral system;third,China should develop low-carbon industries intensively.