《喻世明言》中的关中方言词语举要解析

The Analysis of Guanzhong Dialects in Yu Shi Ming Yan

周秦时代的雅言、西汉时期的通语、隋唐时候的官话,都是以当时都城的所在地关中地区的语音、语汇、语法为标准的。而雅言、通语、官话是当时的共同语。关中方言是中国历史上最辉煌的周、秦、汉、唐等几个朝代的准普通话。所以中国古代的许多典籍都是用关中方言撰写的。因此,中国的古典文学中保留了大量的关中方言的语音、词语、语法。明代小说《喻世明言》也不例外,对《喻世明言》里所能够见到的关中方言词语予以解析,以说明关中方言对古代汉语词语的传承特点。

The Elegant Language in Zhou and Qin Dynasties, the Common Languages in Western Han Dynasty and the Official Language in Song and Tang Dynasties were all standard languages based phonologically, lexically and syntactically on the language of the Guanzhong region where their capitals were built up. Since they played a role of the common languages at that times, Guanzhong dialects were taken as the Putonghua in those splendid dynasties in the history of China. Therefore, many ancient Chinese scripts and books were written in Guanzhong dialects, and a great many of pronunciations, phrase expressions and grammars in the Guanzhong dialects were kept in Chinese classical literature. Yu Shi Ming Yan （Stories to Enlighten Men）, the novel in Ming dynasty is no exception. The illustration of some words and expressions of Guanzhong dialects read in the novel is to demonstrate that C-uanzhong dialects have the characteristics of heritage to ancient Chinese language.