明清社会近代转型及转型障碍

The Modern Transformation and Its Social Barriers of Ming and Qing Dynasties

文章重点论述明清社会转型的研究范式和明清社会近代转型开始的标志与时间,同时讨论明清社会近代转型的要素、过程、表现和障碍。认为从明代隆庆年间开始,以"边禁""海禁""银禁"等三禁开放为标志的中国传统社会近代转型进程已正式开启。至少江南区域社会已经出现从农业社会向早期工业化社会转型;从自给半自给的产品经济社会向商品经济和市场经济社会转型;从封闭半封闭社会向开放社会和全球化社会转型的趋势。但整个转型在清代曲折迂回,端在障碍众多,其关键原因来自于当时内外环境的特殊性和农牧社会整合的缓慢性。

This paper focuses on the social transformation of research paradigm and modern social transformation＇s beginning with mark and time of the Ming and Qing Dynasties,along with a discussion of modern social transition elements,process,performance and obstacles.It views that,from the Ming Dynasty Longqing years,the Chinese traditional society starts to social transformation process with the symbol of openness of ＂the edge ban＂ ＂sea ban＂ and ＂silver ban＂.At least in the Jiangnan region,society has emerged from the agricultural society to the early industrialized society transition;from self-sufficient half self-sufficient product economy to commodity economy and market economy social transformation;from a closed and semi-closed society to the open society and globalization social transformation trend.But the whole transformation in the Qing Dynasty is twists and turns,and end of obstacles.The key reason comes from the special environment inside and outside and the slowness of agriculture and animal husbandry society integration.