保山油茶种质资源及其主要种实经济性状

Germplasm resources of Camellia spp.and their fruit and seed traits for economic purpose in Baoshan City,Yunnan Province

为保育和开发保山油茶种质资源,对其开展了全面的田间调查和种实样本分析。结果表明:该地区天然或近天然分布有腾冲红花油茶Camellia reticulata Lindl.、怒江红山茶C.saluensis Stapf.ex Bean、窄叶西南红山茶C.pitardii Coh.St.、蒙自连蕊茶C.forrestii(Diels.)Coh.St.、滇缅离蕊茶C.wardii Kobuski.、五柱滇山茶C.yunnanensis(Pitard)Cho.St.和长果连蕊茶C.longicarpaChang Tax.7个油茶种,总面积2.3万hm2,各油茶种的集中天然分布区和海拔范围各异,亦存在多个油茶种并存且保存完好的天然林;腾冲红花油茶、长果连蕊茶、五柱滇山茶及怒江红山茶天然植株每平方米树冠投影产油量分别为27.5,41.3,29.9和19.2g,具有较高的油用栽培价值,蒙自连蕊茶也具一定改良发展潜力。提出了对现有种质资源的保育和利用策略,探讨了油茶栽培品质与适应性改良的途径,为促进油茶产业的可持续发展提供了理论和技术参考。

For the conservation and utilization of germplasm resources of Camellia spp.in Baoshan,systematic field investigations and relevant measurement of fruit and seed samples were conducted.The results show that a total of seven Camellia species were naturally or close-to naturally distributed in Baoshan with a total area of 23 000 hectare,including Camellia reticulata Lindl.,C.saluensis Stapf.ex Bean,C.pitardii Coh.St,C.forrestii（Diels.） Coh.St.,C.wardii Kobuski.,C.yunnanensis（Pitard） Cho.St.and C.longicarpa Chang Tax.Each species has different geographical concentration and altitude range for its natural distribution,while intact mixed natural stands of multiple Camellia species were also found.C.reticulata,C.longicarpa,C.yunnanensis,C.saluensis have high economic value for domestication with their oil production reaching to 27.5 g,41.3 g,29.9 g and 19.2 g per one square meter of crown in natural stands,respectively,and the utilization potential was also shown for C.forrestii.The strategy for conservation and utilization of extant germplasm resources was also suggested,and domestication and adaptive improvement of these Camellia species were discussed,which provide theoretical and technical supports for sustainable development of Camellia industry.